Fiber Optic Media vs Copper Media

by Fiber-MART.COM

Fiber-optic technology is getting more and more popular nowadays in the professional networking world. “Why?” – one may ask. “Is it the distances that signal can travel without a repeater? Or is it the passive components that require no energy to operate?” Both statements are true, however main reasons are potentially unlimited bandwidth (limited only by the speed of light) and immunity to external factors.

 

Data in the optic-fiber is transmitted by a LED or a laser, and received by an optical detector. Data in single optical cable can travel simultaneously in multiple wavelengths. However that would require multiple lasers transmitting signal, and multiple receivers to accept data at the same time.

 

 

Difference in wavelengths is measured in nm (nanometers). Typical data transmission wavelengths are between 850nm and 1550nm.

 

As it was mentioned before, optical-fiber is more advanced type of cable than copper cable, due to multiple reasons. External factors (electromagnetic interference) cannot affect the signal in the fiber, since it is a light, not the electricity based transmission. All of the electric cables generate EMI at some level, which will affect other cables in the range. That will result in crosstalk inside the cable, especially if it is of a significant length. Not being able to produce magnetic field, and not being affected by one makes optical cable ideal candidate if the cable should be deployed through elevator shaft, industrial machinery, or electrical transformers. 

 

Fiber optical cable is not only being able to transmit high bandwidth signal over longer distances, but it is also extremely secure. If the copper cable can be easily tapped, physically penetrating the shell of the cable and connecting to the core in order to “steal” data, fiber optic cable cannot be accessed that easy. Advanced systems use EMI in order to access data from the copper cable, which is also impossible to do with the data transmitted “at the speed of light”. 

 

Why we still use copper over optical fiber, one may ask. There are two main reasons for that. First one is the cost. If you check the cost for the optical fiber, you may see it is not much more expensive than the high-end UTP cable. Sometimes it is even cheaper than some advanced copper cables. So where does the expenses problem comes from. Optical fiber requires specialized equipment, including switches, hubs, routers, network cards, and it comes for a price. In fact, it might be over four times more expensive than the UTP equipment with the same functionality. However optical fiber offers option for unique topologies, that can save some of the expenses.

 

Second reason for limiting optical installations, is the… installation. Compared to the copper network installation, where anyone can do it with proper tools, following online tutorial, optical fiber is much more difficult to install. Since you are dealing with glass material, the connection cannot be anything but perfect, otherwise it will result in huge signal loss (if it would work at all). Multiple special tools require advanced training to be able to work with them.

 

In any case, one always can consider fiber optic media converters for easy conversion between fiber optic and copper media.

Field Terminated Vs. Pre-Terminated Fiber Optic Assemblies

by Fiber-MART.COM

cWhile there are many options with which fiber optic cables and connectors to choose from, there are really only two major termination solutions: field terminated and pre-terminated. This post is going to break down what the difference between these terminations styles, the advantages and disadvantages, so you can have the best solution for your business and technicians.

 

What are Field Terminated Fiber Optic Assemblies?

 

Field termination describes the termination of the fiber optic cable in the field or, after installation has taken place. When these types of cables are terminated, they need to be pulled between two points, then connectors will need to be attached and then connected to a patch panel. In addition, before they can be attached to a panel, connectors need to be attached to each individual strand, and a variety of tools will be needed. 

 

Advantages

 

Precision Lengths: Because these cables are cut to length before adding connectors, it's not necessary to have these cables pre-determined for length. 

Easy Pull System: Fiber optic bulk cable is very easily to pull from either end of the installation circuit.

Disadvantages

 

Higher Labor Costs: When fiber optic cable are terminated in the field, costs can be high. There are varieties of other tools needed, many steps need to be taken and field technicians need to have the right training. 

Slower Installations: Installation will take longer due to terminating connectors and making sure the fiber optics cables and assemblies are working properly with testing.

Potential Termination Issues: Termination issues can occur depending on the skill level of each technician and knowledge behind fiber optic cables and assemblies. Field terminated fiber optic cable may be inexpensive at time of purchase. However, extra expenses could be encountered in the field through termination raising the cost of any project.

Note: Need help terminating fiber optic cables? No problem. We have a wide range of termination videos available: West Penn Wire Termination Videos.

 

What are Pre-Terminated Fiber Optic Assemblies Advantages?

 

These cables are the same as fiber optics cables that are terminated in the field; the only difference is the manufacture will terminate these cables and assemblies prior to shipment. 

 

Advantages:

 

Lower costs and time savings: Since these cables arrive on site there is no cable termination preparation, no connectors or tool kits or testers needed. These cables require minimal time and effort for implementation for any installer

 

Project efficiency: These cables are manufactured and shipped to the job site with the connectors already terminated, properly polished, and the entire cable assembly tested on either both ends for ease of installation. 

Disadvantages:

 

Need for accuracy: In order for these cables to perform, they need to have accurate measurements. Users will generally need planned lengths and lead times in advance to avoid extra cable lengths. 

 

Associated costs: Miscalculations of measurements can lead to additional expenses, which could increase material costs of a project.

Which should I choose?

 

The decision ultimately depends what you are looking for, the skill level of your technicians that you have working on your project. Some would prefer pre-terminated fiber optic cables or assemblies since they can be faster and simpler alternatives to field terminated cables and require less training for technicians. 

 

When you are calculating fiber optic costs, make sure to factor in production costs such as labor, tools and other elements needed to terminate fiber optic cable accurately. Then, decide which type of fiber optic cables and assemblies will work best for your project.

 

7 Key Benefits of Fiber Optic Connectivity

by Fiber-MART.COM

fiber-mart.com has been working to make high speed fiber Internet more accessible to the Central Coast since 2010. Today, the fiber-mart.com fiber optic network helps municipalities run smoothly, businesses experience better returns and communities grow.

 

As the range of fiber infrastructure grows, fiber connectivity becomes a more affordable and simpler upgrade to your business technology. Let’s take a look at  the seven key benefits and advantages when you upgrade to a fiber optic network.

 

 

 

1. Speed

Fast Internet speeds are important to business productivity, especially if your business depends on publishing and exchanging large data files or videos. These days fiber optic Internet is faster than the highest speed copper Internet connections. Fiber also provides users with much faster upload and download speeds (symmetric speed) than other types of connections so your data is sent much more quickly over fiber networks. Download our smart paper to learn more about symmetric speed.

 

2. Security

Fiber optic cables make the most secure connection for your data. Wireless and copper lines can be compromised. Since fiber networks don’t radiate signals, it’s nearly impossible to hack into or tap. Because security breaches can be costly - financially and to business integrity - using fiber optic networks and Internet connectivity increases security and protection against cyber attack.

 

3. Reliabilityfiberoptic-CTA.png

Uptime and data transmission are very consistent and constant with fiber lines and switches. This means fiber connectivity gives you the most reliable Internet service around. Fiber optic cables are made of glass (not the traditional copper), making it an extremely reliable conductor. What's the difference in fiber and copper Internet connections? Read our blog explaining whether Fiber Optics vs. Copper is better for your company.

 

Fiber optic networks are also more resistive to electromagnetic and radio-frequency interference, crosstalk, impedance and other problems such as temperature change and water damage.

 

4. Cost

Fiber cable cost has decreased significantly, and more and more is the best choice for new cable installation. This means the price of service over fiber has declined and should continue to do so. What is important, is that it has already become cheaper versus the alternatives in many scenarios. For higher bandwidth needs, or systems that are network response sensitive, the cost of connectivity over fiber is less that the alternative legacy TV or phone cable. And once fiber is connected, more options open up to moving services and applications to the cloud, providing cost-savings and scalability.

 

5. Fast Cloud Access

82 percent of business use the cloud in some way or another - data storage, business apps, site hosting, CRM tools. Fiber Internet is capable of giving you faster access to data and applications that you store in the cloud. This mean fewer delays for sales, customer service and communication with customers.

 

 

6. Consistent Signal

Fiber optic Internet signal strength stays consistent over distance while DSL or copper signals can degrade. Large businesses, organizations or building complexes are great candidates for strong and consistent Internet signal strength because of this.

 

7. Lower Processing Delay

Latency, or delays that happen while data is processing over any Internet connection, is another type of Internet speed issue. Latency is decreased significantly with fiber optic Internet connection than with other types of services. Generally, with fiber optic connectivity, businesses experience faster download and upload time (symmetric speed) with video (especially high definition content) and other large files with less latency; faster cloud access; and clearer voice quality for telephone services.

How my Fiber Optic Kevlar Cutter made me look like a hero to my wife

by Fiber-MART.COM

Okay, you’re asking “what’s the deal?” Let me tell you a true story and you can judge for yourself. It all started on my wife’s birthday when the kids sent their mother a bouquet of long stem roses. They were red and they were gorgeous, and I was equally impressed that the thorns were removed. So now the plan was to put these flowers into an appropriate vase for everyone to see, fill with just enough water and stir in one of those food packets to keep them fresh.

 

I always put the packets in and I always wonder whether they really do anything or if the florist just gives them to you to make it seem like he is doing you a favor. Does it work? Would the flowers last the same amount of time without the little packet? Your guess is as good as mine.

 

Now I go into the closet looking for the right size vase for the flowers, and you guessed it, long stem roses and the vases in my closet don’t match…time to cut the flowers. Well my wife grabs an old pair of scissors in the kitchen drawer and begins cutting the stems one at a time. Ever see a rose stem projectile? Ever see blisters on your hand using a dull kitchen scissor and stems hardened to RC 50?

 

 

Husband to the rescue! I reached into my tool box for my Jonard JIC-186 Ergonomic Fiber Optic Kevlar Cutter. The very same one all of you techs use to cut Kevlar, copper cables and various other fabrics and cables. You guessed it. These scissors were designed to cut just about anything, and they were prefect, and yes it was “my hero” time. The roses looked great, the stems were the perfect height, and my wife was a happy camper.

 

P.S. keep the blades clean and you will be in Kevlar cutter heaven for a very long time.

 

If you have your own special uses you would like to share – let us know. www.fiber-mart.com

Using Multi-duct for FTTH build out a cost-effective option!

by Fiber-MART.COM

Yates Engineering Services continues to review and assemble its knowledge base on Fiber to the Home deployments across the nation.  One of the newer trends that we have been studying and deploying is the use of multi-duct.  Multi-duct is simply when 2 or more small ducts are combined in a plastic over sheath.  Two popular versions of multi-duct are a four micro-duct and a seven micro-duct.  The micro duct itself comes in a number of sizes with a 10 mm to 13 mm inside diameter most frequently used.  Both of these sizes can be placed with the same 2” bore or trench that places a single, traditional 1 ¼” duct.  Dielectric micro-fiber is then used to populate one of the micro-ducts, leaving many spare paths.  The four-way is a new choice for long haul or trunk backbones, and the seven-way is a good choice for placement in denser areas, where the extra micro-duct can be used for drop paths along the road. 

 

When used in this way, fewer access points, or hand holes can be placed along the path.  When assigned to a premise, the multi-duct can be intercepted at a convenient place along the duct, and a coupler used to connect a drop duct that goes back to the customers Network Interface location to the mainline duct.  Then a micro drop is blown or rodded into the empty tube from the nearest access point, and no boring under driveways is required.  There is also no need to trespass in any yard except the yard of the customer that is being connected to the network.  The only inconvenience – that of having to dig up and intercept the multi-duct, is offset somewhat by the fact that the duct would likely need to be dug into a hand hole at depth in any case. 

 

When making a financial comparison of multi-duct to a more traditional deployment of one or two 1 ¼ ducts with access points placed on every other lot line, or conduit placed to feed drops across the street though a road bore, the price of running multi duct on both sides of the road is actually at par or less than the traditional layout.  Multi-duct is becoming a more popular selection and offers a good deal of flexibility in an area where boring future drops may not be an option.  Feel free to call or email Yates Engineering Services to determine if multi duct is a great option for your fiber deployment!

How To Decide What Goes Into A Fiber Prep Kit

by Fiber-MART.COM

Kit configuration starts with our marketing department, our staff of engineers and our sales team. Usually it’s the sales team up first explaining the need for a kit for a specific customer or they had an inspiration or a germ of an idea from a tech in the field saying he wished he had a selection of tools in an all-in-one kit. Ideas can originate just about anywhere. All suggestions are evaluated, and one of the first questions posed is there a market for this kit and will anyone care (translation, will anyone buy it)?

 

Kevin Costner starred in the movie, Field of Dreams. And a voice over kept saying, “if you build it they will come.” We ask, if you build it will the customers come. In the case of fiber prep tools and the need for a kit our marketing department conducted extensive research and found such a need, and with the breadth of line, fiber-mart Tools was positioned to fill it.

 

Because fiber is ubiquitous and more and more is being installed every day, the need for the proper tools for installation and maintenance continues to grow; therefore, the need for fiber prep tools continues to grow. So, the question then becomes, what goes into a fiber prep kit?

 

fiber-mart Tools has a number of Fiber Prep Kits in the line including the TK-120 Fiber Prep Kit and the TK-150 Fiber Prep Kit with Connector Cleaner, Fiber Cleaver & Visual Fault Locator. The TK-150 features all of the same tools as the TK-120 plus the VFL-150 Visual Fault Locator, FCC-250 Fiber Connector Cleaner and the FC-220 Fiber Cleaver. These kits have been on the market for a little over a year and can already be found in use around the world. But who decided what to put in the kits and how was that decision made?

 

Cable StrippersLooking at the tools contained in the TK-120 and the function of each explains how and why they were chosen. To start there are three cable stripping tools, the CST-1900 Round Cable Stripper, CSR-1575 Cable Strip & Ring Tool, and the FOD-2000 Fiber Optic Drop Cable Slitter. These tools allow you to open cable jackets and buffer tubes to gain access to the fiber.

 

MS-6 Blog 02Along the same line is the MS-6 Mid Span Slitter. This patent pending tool allows the tech to gain access to a fiber mid span for either a repair or connectorizing a fiber.

 

Every kit needs a fiber stripper and fiber-mart Tools manufactures the JIC-375 Fiber Optic Stripper Three Hole…THE tool for stripping fiber optic cable. And if you are exposing the inner workings of the cable you are bound to encounter Kevlar – a very tough material. A standard scissor would last a week before breaking so you need the JIC-186 Ergonomic Fiber Optic Kevlar Cutter…a tough resilient scissor specifically designed to deal with materials as tough as Kevlar.

 

Rounding out the kit you need a flashlight like the FL-2000, a screwdriver like the SD-61 Multi Bit Screwdriver for opening panel boxes, FW-5 fiber wipes for cleaning the fiber and a couple of pliers. We included the JIC-2288 Diagonal Cutter Pliers for use as the name implies – for cutting cables, and the JIC-842 Telecom Long Nose Pliers for grabbing or pulling cables. Now add the rugged H-90 21 Pocket Tool Case and you have the perfect kit…and that is the genesis of the fiber Prep kit.

How Fiber Optic Cables Can Help You

by Fiber-MART.COM

With fiber optic cables, you’re choosing to upgrade to a more efficient way of completing tasks. A network that runs on fiber optic cables is one that runs smoothly. Instead of using traditional networking techniques, fiber optics have essentially replaced the once dominant wire method. The difference is in the material used to make these fibers. The cables are basically thin strands drawn from molten silica glass. The information that is processed through these is converted into light, which then gives way to the transmission itself. With fiber optic cables, there are a few areas where you stand to benefit, and today we’re going to detail them here.

 

Internet Connection

One of the primary reasons many companies are employing fiber optic cables is due to the overall speed it provides. With this technology, the ability to easily send and receive large amounts of data occurs without a hitch. Looking at previous configurations, larger amounts of data would take a longer amount of time to transmit. However, with fiber optics, the technology allows information to travel at a faster speed with no worries of anything stalling in the process. This means production won’t take a hit, and will actually see an increase.

 

Calling, Support and Customer Service

In what may be a noticeable theme here, the advent of fiber optic cables increases the speed of a process. So, for example, whether it’s a call center or just standard customer support over the phone, you won’t have to worry about a call lagging or even dropping. This is crucial, because a slow response in customer support could ultimately end up costing you business.

 

Military and Data Transferred

With the military and many defense firms that hold highly classified information, it’s important that those matters are secured and sustainable. Whether it’s defending specific intelligence or processing aeronautical or aerospace data, a reliable security is needed. Fiber optic cables give defense companies the ability to transmit this data in a safe and timely manner.

 

Learn More About Fiber Optics When You Follow fiber-mart

fiber-mart is ready to work with you to customize your fiber optic network!

 

We focus on custom product manufacturing for fiber optic connectivity. We will engineer solutions to any customer’s specs and needs, and we create end-to-end solutions so you won’t be left in the dark. fiber-mart strives to provide our customers with the highest quality product above industry standards at a competitive cost.

 

The Unfortunate Disadvantages of Using Copper Wires

by Fiber-MART.COM

Copper wires used to be the number one way to transmit information through a series of underground cables.  And, this worked for a long time–we were used to poor connections, dangerous conditions, and low transmission ranges.  However, that is what led us to discover the usefulness of fiber optic cables.  We’ve since discovered that copper wires are nowhere near as advantageous as using fiber optic cables.  But, what are the serious disadvantages that come with using copper wires in this day and age?  Read on to find out.

 

This may come as a surprise to many; fiber optic cables seem like the should be much more expensive.  Due to the fact that copper is based within a Latin American foreign trade system, it can cost more to obtain.  Likewise, it doesn’t transmit information nearly as far or as quickly as fiber optics.  This means that, over long distances where it is necessary, copper wire is not practical, cost-wise.  It takes way more cable to complete what a fiber optic cable could complete with less material.

 

You’ve probably seen pennies that are old, green, and grimy.  This is the effect oxygen and other elements have on copper as an element.  Over time, copper is seriously in danger of corrosion.  There’s no way to avoid it, and while you can care heavily for your cables, eventually the copper will no longer be able to hold up to the damage.  Fortunately, a fiber optic cable will never corrode, thus costing you far less in the long run.

 

They Are Unsafe

 

By using electricity to transmit info, copper cables pose a fire hazard and a shock hazard.  Handling these cables incorrectly can do more than damage the cables themselves; it can also harm you, through shock or fire.  When not properly cared for, the risk of fire rises significantly.  Fiber optic cables, however, use light to transmit information, so they can’t pose a fire hazard at all.  They require more care, but will never risk your life when being handled.

 

fiber-mart can install your fiber optic network for your business!

 

fiber-mart is ready to work with you to customize your fiber optic network!

 

 

We focus on custom product manufacturing for fiber optic connectivity.  We will engineer solutions to any customer’s specs and needs, and we create end-to-end solutions so you won’t be left in the dark.  fiber-mart strives to provide our customers with the highest quality product above industry standards at a competitive cost.  

 

 

Do you need a custom fiber optic connectivity solution?  fiber-mart specializes in custom design solutions.  We work all over the world to provide solutions from our headquarters in Venice, Florida.  Our goal is to provide you with the perfect solutions, designs, and cabling.

The Importance of Cleaning and Maintaining Fiber Optic Cables

by Fiber-MART.COM

Fiber optic cables can be incredibly useful, fast, and efficient.  When you switch to fiber optic cables for your network, it means you’re taking one more step closer towards the future.  High speed and instantaneous success are what run our world; this means that one misstep regarding fiber optic cables could ruin their entire ability to function.  How do you prevent this?  The most important thing to keep in mind is that your cables need to stay clean.  Here’s why it’s so important to clean and maintain your fiber optic cables.

 

 

Simple Mistakes, Big Consequences

 

Even just a little oil from your finger, or a speck of dust can cause a failure of the entire system.  While fiber optic cables produce a great amount of speed and power, they also require care and precision.  A dust particle that isn’t even visible could block the light that travels through the cables.  If it doesn’t cause the entire system to break down, this kind of interruption will, at the very least, lower productivity of the connection.

 

 

Cleaning Process 

 

There are several ways to clean fiber optic cables, from dry cleaning to wet cleaning, and each have their benefits and specific uses.  Each cleaning process follows the same general outline of steps; clean, inspect, clean, inspect, and repeat.  There are a few things to remember, though.  For instance, wet cleaning should not be conducted on bulkheads and receptacles.  Dry cleaning should be your first plan of action.  The connectors of the cables are just as important as the rest of the cable, in terms of transmission.  If your fiber optic network is running slowly, and you’re not sure why, you might want to clean each component thoroughly until you find where the problem is.

 

 

General Tips

 

Turn off all systems when you’re cleaning.  The laser radiation is dangerous, and you should never look into these beams.  Even if you can’t see any kind of light, the emissions are still  there.  Do not scrub vigorously at the cables; rather, use a lint free swab and gently wipe.  Your swabs should stay clean.  Ideally, use a new one after each use.  Never touch the connectors with your bare fingers, or else you’ll have to clean all over again!

 

For more information about fiber optic cables, follow our blog at fiber-mart!

 

fiber-mart is ready to work with you to customize your fiber optic network!

 

We focus on custom product manufacturing for fiber optic connectivity.  We will engineer solutions to any customer’s specs and needs, and we create end-to-end solutions so you won’t be left in the dark.  fiber-mart strives to provide our customers with the highest quality product above industry standards at a competitive cost.  

How to Clean Fiber Optic Connector

by Fiber-MART.COM

To keep the proper operation of the equipment, regular cleaning and maintenance is fundamental. Fiber optic connector as an indispensable component of optical network, is typically connected with a fiber jumper, then plugs into a switch or router. Telecommunication experts study that cleaning fiber optic connector is one of the most important preventative maintenance procedures to avoid premature failure of the system. Typically a micrometer dust particle is too small to be found but it can block up to one percent of the light and cause signal loss. That’s why it is so important to learn how to clean fiber optic connector. The following article will provide some detailed information about the procedures for cleaning fiber optic connector.

 

Preparation for the Cleaning Process

 

Always inspect your connectors or adapters before you begin the cleaning process.

Use the connector housing to plug or unplug a fiber.

Turn off any laser sources before you inspect and clean fiber connectors.

Disconnect the cables at both ends and remove the pluggable receiver from the chassis.

Store unused protective caps in a resealable container to prevent any transfer of dust to the fiber.

Discard any used tissues or swabs.

Fiber Optic Connector Cleaning Procedure

 

Step 1: Inspect the fiber optic connector, component, or bulkhead with a fiberscope.

 

Step 2: If the connector is dirty, clean it with a dry cleaning technique.

 

cleaning tool

 

Dry cleaning: Using a reel-based cassette cleaner (see the picture below) with medium pressure, wipe the connector end face against a dry cleaning cloth (single swipe per exposure) in one direction. For angled physical contact (APC) polished connectors, ensure that the entire end face surface mates with the cleaning cloth. Dry cleaning will generally remove airborne contamination and should be attempted first. Inspect the connector end face for contamination after cleaning.

 

Step 3: Inspect the connector.

 

Step 4: If the connector is still dirty, repeat the dry cleaning technique.

 

Step 5: Inspect the connector.

 

Step 6: If the connector is still dirty, clean it with a wet cleaning technique followed immediately with a dry cleaning in order to ensure no residue is left on the end face.

 

Wet cleaning: Lightly moisten a portion of a lint free wipe with fiber optic cleaning solution (or > 91% Isopropyl Alcohol) and applying medium pressure, first wipe the end face against the wet area and then onto a dry area to clean potential residue from the end face. For APC polished connectors, ensure that the entire end face surface mates with the cleaning wipes. Wet cleaning is more aggressive than dry cleaning, and will remove airborne contamination as well as light oil residue and films.

 

Step 7: Inspect the connector again.

 

Step 8: If the contaminate still cannot be removed, repeat the cleaning procedure until the end face is clean.

 

Note: Never use alcohol or wet cleaning without a way to ensure that it does not leave residue on the end face. Or it will cause equipment damage. The following images shows how to use fiber optic cleaner, just three steps will help you out.

 

cleaning fiber optic connector step one

 

cleaning fiber optic connector step two

 

cleaning fiber optic connector step three

 

Avoid These Common Mistakes

 

Do not use a cleaning process that will leave a residue on the end-face. Alcohol or wet cleaning processes are the most common procedures that will leave residue on the surface of the devices.

Do not touch the products without being properly grounded.

Do not connect the end face of the fiber connectors.

Do not twist or pull on the fiber cable forcefully.

Do not connect fiber to a fiberscope while system lasers are still on.

Do not touch the cleaned area with a swab, tissue, or cleaning fabric.

Do not reuse any tissues or swabs.

Do not touch a portion of the tissue or swab.

Do not use alcohol around an open flame or spark.

Extend the Life of Your Fiber Optic Connectors With Proper Cleaning Methods

Always extend the life of your fiber optic connectors by using one of these popular cleaning methods. They are safe to use and will prevent premature failure of your devices. Follow the instructions for more stability in your systems.

Summary

 

The following context has briefly introduced the procedures of cleaning fiber optic connectors. Note that if you are not sure how to proceed this, you’d better ask an expert for help. Besides this, choose the suitable cleaning tools would also be significant. Fiberstore has various fiber optic cleaning tools, such as pen cleaner, cassette cleaner, etc. All of these cleaning tools are provided with high quality and reasonable price. Moreover, we also supply a full range of fiber optic cables like LC to ST fiber cable, SC fiber cable, SC FC patch cord, etc. If you have any requirement of our products, please send your request to us.

How to Ensure Good Performance of Fiber Optic System?

by Fiber-MART.COM

We all know that transmission system is the key part of a fiber optic system. The performance of transmission system can directly affect the performance of fiber optic system. So what is the transmission system? The transmission system is a system that transmits a signal from one place to another. If you want to make sure the good performance of a fiber optic system, you should first ensure the transmission system in a good state. Next, today’s article will give you a list of basic items that may affect general transmission system performance. Only understand the following aspects can you know how to ensure the good performance of fiber optic system.

 

Fiber Loss Factor

 

Fiber loss generally has the greatest impact on overall system performance. The fiber strand manufacturer provides a loss factor in terms of dB per kilometer. A total fiber loss calculation is made based on the distance x the loss factor. Distance in this case the total length of the fiber cable, not just the map distance.

 

Type of Fiber

 

Most single-mode fibers have a loss factor of between 0.25 (1550nm) and 0.35 (1310nm) dB/km. Multimode fibers have a loss factor of about 2.5 (850nm) and 0.8 (1300nm) dB/km. The type of fiber used is very important. Multimode fibers are used with L.E.D. transmitters which generally don't have enough power to travel more than 1km. Single mode fibers are used with LASER transmitters that come in various power outputs for "long reach" or "short reach" criteria.

 

single-mode-vs-multimode

 

Transmitter

 

There are two basic type of transmitters used in a fiber optic systems. LASER which come in three varieties: high, medium, and low (long reach, medium reach and short reach). Overall system design will determine which type is used. L.E.D. transmitters are used with multimode fibers, however, there is a "high power" L.E.D. which can be used with Single mode fiber. Transmitters are rated in terms of light output at the connector, such as -5dB. A transmitter is typically referred to as an "emitter".

 

Receiver Sensitivity

 

The ability of a fiber optic receiver to see a light source. A receiving device needs a certain minimum amount of received light to function within specification. Receivers are rated in terms of required minimum level of received light such as -28dB. A receiver is also referred to as a "detector".

 

Number and Type of Splices

 

There are two types of splices. Mechanical, which use a set of connectors on the ends of the fibers, and fusion, which is a physical direct mating of the fiber ends. Mechanical splice loss is generally calculated in a range of 0.7 to 1.5 dB per connector. Fusion splices are calculated at between 0.1 and 0.5 dB per splice. Because of their limited loss factor, fusion splices are preferred. The following image vividly shows a good fiber connectivity and bad fiber connectivity, which may make a big difference in the insertion loss.

 

clean

 

dirt

 

Margin

 

This is an important factor. A system can't be designed based on simply reaching a receiver with the minimum amount of required light. The light power budget margin accounts for aging of the fiber, aging of the transmitter and receiver components, addition of devices along the cable path, incidental twisting and bending of the fiber cable, additional splices to repair cable breaks, etc. Most system designers will add a loss budget margin of 3 to 10 dB.

 

Selecting the Right Fiber Optic Cable

 

Of course, only knowing this is not enough. Fiber optic cable always plays an important part in the transmitting system. As a result, the quality of the fiber optic cable is of vital value to the whole fiber link. To choose a fiber optic cable, you need to know the following:

 

First: what type and grade of fiber is required? The system designer will have identified the fiber that is required for the network. Find the fiber type that is needed from the Fiber Specification and Selection Guide. Use the Fiber Type code to identify the fiber. This code becomes the first two digits of the catalog part number, replacing the XX notation. There are two common types of fiber optic cables—singlemode and multimode fiber optic cables.

 

fiber type

 

Then, how many fibers are required? The system designer will also have identified the number of fibers that will be in each cable. Fibers are usually cabled in groups of 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72.

 

Last but not least: what cable construction is needed? The cable construction that is needed is based on a variety of factors. We have a full range of products for premises, outside plant and indoor/outdoor to solve nearly every application need. Using the catalog as a guide, identify the cable type and construction that is needed. For example, Pull tab LC cable is a type of cable that uses MPO-HD to LC-HD Push Pull TAB connector.

 

Summary

 

To ensure the better performance of your fiber optic system, you are supposed to keep the above recommendations in your mind firmly. If you feel puzzled about how to ensure the better performance of your fiber optic system, you can also turn to a reliable vendor to help you out. Fiberstore as a rising telecom manufacturer, is committed to provide first-class services and high-quality products to our customers. For fiber optic cables, you can find many kinds with good quality and reasonable prices in fiber-mart.COM. 

Difference Between Twisted Pair Cable and Coaxial Cable

by Fiber-MART.COM

A wire or cable is an indispensable element in communication system for connecting optical devices like optical transceivers, router and switch. Recently the most common cable types deployed in communication system are fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable and coaxial cable. Both twisted pair cable and coaxial cable are copper cables, so what’s the difference between them? This article may help you sort it out.

 

Twisted Pair

 

Twisted pair cables as the names implies, consists of a pair of cables twisted together, which has been utilized in telecommunication field for a long time. The twisting can avoid noise from outside sources and crosstalk on multi-pair cables, so this cable is best suited for carrying signals. Basically, twisted pair cable can be divided into two types: unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) and shielded twisted-pair (STP).

 

twisted-pair

 

UTP is for UNshielded, twisted pair, while STP is for shielded, twisted pair. UTP is what's typically installed by phone companies and data communication (though this is often not of high enough quality for high-speed network use) and is what 10BaseT Ethernet runs over. However, STP distinguishes itself from UTP in that it consists of a foil jacket which helps to prevent crosstalk and noise from outside source. It is typically used to eliminate inductive and capacitive coupling, so it can be applied between equipment, racks and buildings.

 

Coaxial Cables

 

Coaxial cable is composed of an inner solid conductor surrounded by a paralleled outer foil conductor that is protected by an insulating layer. A coaxial cable has over 80 times the transmission capability of the twisted-pair. Coaxial cable has also been the mainstay of high speed communication and has also been applied to network with 10 Gigabit links data centers, because it is proved to be cost efficient for short links within 10 m and for residential network.

 

coax cable

 

Comparison Between Twisted Cable and Coaxial Cable

 

Most people now are quite familiar with what coaxial cables are, as they are used in almost every home for cable television connections. These data cables are also popular in local area networks (LAN) because they are highly resistant to signal interference, which also gives coax cables the ability to support longer cable lengths between two devices.

 

The biggest advantage of twisted cables is in installation, as it is often thinner than coaxial cables and two conductors are twisted together. However, because they are thinner, they can not support very long runs. These tightly twisted designs cost less than coaxial cables and provide high data transmission rates. They connect with the RJ45 connector, which looks similar to a telephone jack but is designed for twisted pair pins.

 

In the end, twisted pair cabling is better suited when cost and installation are an issue and if EMI and crosstalk are not too much of a problem. But for coaxial cable, it supports greater cable lengths, and can be shielded in a variety of ways—with a foil shield on each conductor, a foil or braid inside the jacket or a combination of individual conductor and jacket shielding.

 

Additional Information About Fiber Optic Cables

 

Besides Twisted and coaxial cables, here comes a new generation of transmission media—fiber jumper. Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables, which means they can carry more data. They are also less susceptible to interference. For these two reasons, fiber optic cables are increasingly being used instead of traditional copper cables despite that they are expensive. Nowadays, two types of fiber optic cables are widely adopted in the field of data transfer—single mode fiber optic cables and multimode fiber optic cables.

 

LC-SC fiber patch cable

 

Single mode optical fiber is generally adapted to high speed, long-distance applications. While a multimode optical fiber is designed to carry multiple light rays, or modes at the same time, which is mostly used for communication over short distances. Optical fiber cables are also available in various optical connectors, such as LC to SC patch cord, LC to ST fiber cable, SC FC patch cord, etc. The picture above shows a LC to SC patch cord.

 

Conclusion

 

Some engineers confirm that fiber optic cables is sure to be the dominant transmission media in telecommunication field, while others hold that copper cables will not be out of the stage. Thus, whether to choose fiber optic cables, twisted cables or coaxial cables, it is advisable for you to have a full understanding of your application before selecting these data cables. All types of Ethernet cables as well as fiber optic cables are provided at fiber-mart.COM.

Understanding Polarity in MPO System

by Fiber-MART.COM

Understanding Polarity in MPO System

 

 

MPO/MTP technology has led to the adoption of 40/100GbE, however on of its challenges is with regards to  proper polarity of these array connections.  Maintaining  the correct polarity across a fiber network enables signals  from any type of active equipment to be  directed to the receive port of a second piece of active equipment – and vice versa. To ensure the MPO/MTP systems work with correct polarity, the TIA 568 standard suggests several methods. 

 

MPO Connector

 

First on the list is the  MPO connector usually consisting of  12 fibers. 24 fibers, 36 fibers and 72 fibers  Each MTP connector has a key on one of the flat side added by the body. When the key sits on the bottom, this is called key down. When the key sits on top, this is referred to as the key up position.  In this orientation, each of the fiber holes in the connector is numbered in sequence from left to right and is referred as fiber position. The orientation of this key also determines the MPO cable’s polarity.

 

Three Cables for Three Polarization Methods

 

The three methods for proper polarity defined by TIA 568 standard are named as Method A, Method B and Method C. To match these standards, three type of MPO truck cables with different structures named Type A, Type B and Type C are being used for the three different connectivity methods respectively. In this part, the three different cables will be introduced firstly and then the three connectivity methods.

 

MPO Trunk Cable Type A: Type A cable is also known as straight cable, is a straight through cable with a key up MPO connector on one end and a key down MPO connector on the opposite end. This makes the fibers at each end of the cable have the same fiber position. 

 

The issue of polarity with MPO cables can be easily addressed by selecting the correct type of MPO cables, connectors, cassettes and patch cables. Various  polarity settings/methods can be applied  to satisfy the requirements of the 40G environment.  

 

The issue of polarity with MPO cables can be easily addressed by selecting the correct type of MPO cables, connectors, cassettes and patch cables. Various  polarity settings/methods can be applied  to satisfy the requirements of the 40G environment.  

 

A comprehensive understanding of fiber optic connectors

by Fiber-MART.COM

Fiber optic connectors have traditionally been the biggest concern in using fiber optic systems. While connectors were once unwieldy and difficult to use, connector manufacturers have standardized and simplified connectors greatly. This increases the user use convenient increase in the use of optical fiber systems; It is also emphasizing taken proper care of and deal with the optical connector. This article covers connector basics including the parts of a fiber optic connector, installing fiber optic connectors, and the cleaning and handling of installed connectors. For information on connector loss, see Connector Loss Test Measurement.

Overview CWDM/DWDM Mux/Demux and OADM

by Fiber-MART.COM

CWDM/DWDM Mux/Demux and OADM are common fit in with Passive. CWDM and DWDM technology present an efficient approach to share one set of fiber strands as well as set together various communications interfaces like: 10G, SONET OC-192, STM-64, Fiber Channel 1G/2G/4G, Gigabit Ethernet, OC3/OC12 or OC48 and E1/T1, just by using different wavelengths associated with per channel. Thus they can expand the capacity with the network without laying more fiber. I would like to introduce the particular basical description of CWDM Mux/Demux, DWDM Mux/Demux and OADM.

 

You know, Mux (Multiplexer) products combine several data signals into one for transporting over the single fiber. Demux (Demulitplexer) separates the signals in the other end. Each signal is a some other wavelength.

 

CWDM Mux/Demux

The Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing-CWDM Mux/Demux is often a flexible plug-and-play network solution, which helps insurers and enterprise companies to affordably implement denote point or ring based WDM optical networks. CWDM Mux/demux is perfectly created for transport PDH, SDH / SONET, ETHERNET services over WWDM, CWDM and DWDM in optical metro edge and access networks. CWDM products are popular in less precision optics and lower cost, un-cooled lasers with lower maintenance requirements. Weighed against DWDM and Conventional WDM, CWDM is much more economical and less power consumption of laser devices. CWDM Multiplexer Modules can be found in 4, 8 and 16 channel configurations. These modules passively multiplex the optical signal outputs from 4 too much electronic products, send on them someone optical fiber and after that de-multiplex the signals into separate, distinct signals for input into gadgets across the opposite end for your fiber optic link.

 

DWDM Mux/Demux

The Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing-DWDM Mux/Demux Modules are made to multiplex multiple DWDM channels into one or two fibers. Based on type CWDM Mux/Demux unit, with optional expansion, can transmit and receive as much as 4, 8, 16 or 32 connections of various standards, data rates or protocols over one single fiber optic link without disturbing one another. DWDM MUX/DEMUX modules offers the most robust and low-cost bandwidth upgrade on your current fiber optic communication networks.

 

OADM

OADM(Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) is often a device found in WDM systems for multiplexing and routing different channels of fiber into or out of a single mode fiber (SMF). OADM was created to optically add/drop one or multiple CWDM/DWDM channels into a few fibers, provides the power to add or drop a single wavelength or multi-wavelengths from a fully multiplexed optical signal. This permits intermediate locations between remote sites gain access to the regular, point-to-point fiber segment linking them. Wavelengths not dropped pass-through the OADM and carry on towards the remote site. Additional selected wavelengths may be added or dropped by successive OADMS if required.

 

Luma Optics supplies a wide array of passive optics. The modules are customizable with a collection of WDM/CWDM/DWDM modules and CWDM OADM or DWDM OADM. Luma Optics may be the correct solutions to request guidance to be used of CWDM, DWDM or WDM technology. CWDM and DWDM Mux/Demux present an ideal balance of price and gratifaction for multiplexing and demultiplexing in Metro/Access networks.

 

Benefits of Fiber Optic and Passive Optical LAN Test

by Fiber-MART.COM

In recent years, passive optical LANs have gained significant popularity as an alternative to horizontal copper structured cabling in a variety of enterprise spaces.

 

The technology brings fiber out of the riser backbone and data center, and with that comes the need for fiber technicians to test these systems out in the horizontal space.

 

Let’s take a closer look at these passive optical deployments.

 

 

Passive optical LANs are a point-to-multipoint fiber architecture that use passive optical splitters to divide the signal from one singlemode fiber into multiple fiber signals.The signals are transmitted simultaneously in both directions over separate wavelengths using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology—1310nm for upstream data and 1490nm for downstream data.

 

Available in a variety of split ratios such as 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32, optical splitters basically serve the same purpose as a network switch, but they are not electrically powered—that’s why the technology is referred to as “passive.”

 

The singlemode fiber that arrives at the splitter originates at an optical line terminal (OLT) typically located in a data center or main equipment room.

 

From the splitter, multiple fibers connect to optical network terminals (ONTs) that convert the optical signal into multiple balanced signals for transmission over twisted-pair copper cabling to end devices.

 

What are the Benefits?

 

Because passive optical LANs use singlemode fiber, they are not limited by the 100-meter channel distance of copper but instead can reach distances of 20 kilometers.This is ideal for large facilities, or really any facility where 100 meters is not feasible.

 

In addition to eliminating the distance limitation, the primary cost-saving benefits of passive optical LANs include the ability to eliminate telecommunications rooms and the associated power and cooling infrastructure.The smaller, lighter singlemode fiber cables used in these systems also reduces pathway and space requirements.

 

Other benefits touted by proponents of passive optical LANs, and of fiber systems in general, include improved security and eliminating the crosstalk and EMI/RFI concerns associated with copper cabling.

 

 

How are they Tested?

 

Just like any fiber optic system, a passive optical LAN requires insertion loss testing.And just like any fiber system, the overall channel loss is based on the end-to-end path between application specific equipment—the OLT and ONT in the case of the passive optical LAN.That means that everything in between—cable, connectors, splitters, and splices—attributes to loss.And just like any fiber optic system, connector cleanliness remains vital.That means the connectors should be inspected for contamination.

 

For passive optical LANs, the acceptable insertion loss is a minimum of 13dB and a maximum of 28dB at a 20km distance.The singlemode fiber used in a passive optical LAN should also be tested at both the 1310nm and 1490nm wavelengths.And test reference cords must include the angled polish contact (APC) style connector to match those used in passive optical LANs.

 

Best practices for passive optical LAN testing will be included in the upcoming international standard IEC 61280-4-3, which in keeping with existing TIA and ISO/IEC standards, specifies a light source/power meter for Tier 1 testing and an OTDR for Tier 2 testing in the upstream direction.