100G Multiprotocol Multirate Muxponder for More Cost-Effective WDM Network

With the increased network requirements of individuals and enterprises, carriers are faced with unique challenge. That is, how to leverage existing and newoptical networks so as to accommodate current growth and prepare for future expansion in the most effective manner? Muxponder technology, as a part of WDM technology, can maximize the fiber capacity to the extreme and meet the demands. It aggregates multiple services into a single wavelength which are then multiplexed along with other wavelengths into the same fiber.

 

100G Multiprotocol Multirate Muxponder Basic

The 100G multiprotocol multirate muxponder is optimized for high-capacity optical transport networks (OTN) migrating to 100G and data center or enterprise networks with significant investment in 10G and 40G router ports. It has two 40G QSFP+, ten 10G SFP+ client interfaces and a 100G CFP line interface that can cost-effectively support pluggable short range, DWDM metro and long range coherent 100G optics. Also, the 100G muxponder supports a wide variety of client services and protocols including 40G LAN, 10G LAN/WAN, STM64/OC-192, and 8G/10G Fibre Channel. Moreover, it supports an arbitrary mix of 10Gbps and 40Gbps client interfaces, up to a total of 100 Gbps.

 

Three Working Modes of 100G Multiprotocol Multirate Muxponder

As stated above, the 100G muxponder offers remarkable flexibility with fully pluggable interfaces, which can host 2x40G QSFP+ and 10x10G SFP+. So for customers with a large number of 10G services in their network, the 100G muxponder is an efficient way to combine ten 10G services into a single 100G service on the line side. For customers with a mix of 40G and 10G services, the 100G muxponder can flexibly carry any mix of services without the need to pre-plan the network or replace hardware for different mixes. Here shows the three different user-configurable muxponder options:

 

10 x 10G client services into 100G DWDM uplink

2 x 40G LAN + 2 x 8/10G client services into 100G DWDM uplink

1 x 40G LAN + 6 x 8/10G client services into 100G DWDM uplink

 

In muxponder model, all 10G or sub-10G services are first aggregated into a single 100G or 10G uplink respectively, and then passing between the sites utilizing one single wavelength. With this aggregation method, the muxponder thus maximizes the fiber utilization and presents effective low cost, easy to operate solutions for today’s enterprises and carriers.

 

Designed with plug-in card type, FS 100G multiprotocol multirate muxponder can be used as one part of our FMT transport system along with other plug-in cards like VOA, DCM, EDFA, etc. But the muxponder occupies two slots while the other plug-in cards occupy one slot.

 

100G Multiprotocol Multirate Muxponder Application

 

The 100G multiprotocol multirate muxponder can be used with OEO transponders when building WDM network, or with an embedded WDM signal on the same system. The number of line signals has to be less than, or equal to the number of ports on the WDM multiplexer. Typically, the OEO transponders and muxponders are favored over an embedded WDM transceiver if a switch vendor doesn’t support WDM transceivers. Or if a carrier needs to present a client signal to its users instead of a WDM signal.

 

Recommendation: Data center optimized OEO transponders and muxponders are the first choice for connecting geographically dispersed data centers over distance, since they are low in latency and high in MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures). This is especially true for Fibre Channel and other latency sensitive protocols. But if you have to use a Telco’s network, or if you need to have a full standard conform network interface like SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), SONET or OTH (Over The Horizon), you should use a ISP compliant WDM design. Please keep in mind that this could limit the features and capabilities of your Fibre Channel network.

 

In addition, the 100G-CFP based 100G aggregated interface allows 100G muxponder to cover a wide variety of applications ranging from multiprotocol aggregation over a dedicated fiber using 100GBASE-LR4 or 100GBASE-ER4 CFPs to complex DWDM networks employing metro or coherent CFP pluggable transceivers. By designing the 100G interface around standard CFP optics, the 100G Muxponder can take advantage of technical innovations in the rapidly changing 100G optics market. Rather than forcing network operators to make a 100G optics decision today that will be expensive to change, 100G pluggable optics give network operators the ability to adapt with changing technology.

 

Conclusion

With the flexible client architecture, the 100G multiprotocol multirate muxponder enables a seamless migration path from 10G up to 100G without hardware exchange. Besides, the exceptionally low power consumption allows the 100G muxponder to meet market demands for rack space savings and efficient power consumption, resulting in lowered total cost of ownership. So using the 100G muxponder to build more cost-effective WDM network would be a smart choice.

 

How to Use OADM in WDM Network ?

by www.fiber-mart.com

OADM is a cost-effective and easy to use passive fiber optic component, which can provide easy to build and grow connectivity environment for WDM network. The optical add-drop multiplexer is one of the key devices to implement such optical signal processing. Use of OADM makes it possible to freely add or drop signals with arbitrary wavelengths over multiplexed optical signals by assigning a wavelength to each destination. In this article, let us introduce how to use OADM in WDM Network.

 

Inside an OADM

A traditional OADM consists of three parts: an optical demultiplexer, an optical multiplexer and between them a method of reconfiguring the paths between the optical demultiplexer, the optical multiplexer and a set of ports for adding and dropping signals. The multiplexer is used to couple two or more wavelengths into the same fiber. Then the reconfiguration can be achieved by a fiber patch panel or by optical switches which direct the wavelengths to the optical multiplexer or to drop ports. The demultiplexer undoes what the multiplexer has done. It separates a multiplicity of wavelengths in fiber and directs them to many fibers.

 

Main Function and Principle of OADM

For an OADM, “Add” refers to the capability of the device to add one or more new wavelength channels to an existing multi-wavelength WDM signal while “drop” refers to drop or remove one or more channels, passing those signals to another network path. The OADM selectively removes (drops) a wavelength from a multiplicity of wavelengths in fiber, and thus from traffic on the particular channel. It then adds in the same direction of data flow the same wavelength, but with different data content. The main function of the OADM function is shown in the following picture. This function is especially used in WDM ring systems as well as in long-haul with drop-add features.

 

How to Connect OADM With WDM MUX/DEMUX

In most cases, OADM is deployed with CWDM or DWDM MUX/DEMUX. It is usually installed in a fiber optic link between two WDM MUX/DEMUXs. The following picture shows a CWDM network using a 1-channel dual fiber OADM between two CWDM MUX/DEMUXs. Signals over 1470 nm are required to be added to and dropped from the dual fiber link. On the OADM, there is usually one port for input and one port for output. The OADM can be regarded as a length of fiber cable in the fiber link. The point is the one or more strand of signals is added or dropped when the light goes through the OADM.

 

Summary

OADM is still evolving, and although these components are relatively small, they are immeasurable in the future. Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM) is used for multiplexing and routing different channels of fiber into or out of a single fiber. The CWDM OADM is designed to optically add/drop one or multiple CWDM channels into one or two fibers.

OEO Transponder Application in WDM Network

by www.fiber-mart.com

Anyone who has experiences of deploying WDM networks, either DWDM or CWDM networks, may be familiar with OEO transponder. Since in WDM network deployment, especially for long haul transmission, OEO transponder plays an important role. OEO transponder, also known as WDM transponder, means optical-to-electrical-to-optical. That is to say, it converts an optical signal to an electrical signal, and then recovers it to an optical signal. In some cases, OEO transponder serves as fiber mode converter or repeater for long distance transmission.

 

Functions of OEO Transponder

Wavelength Conversion

As we all know, when add a CWDM Mux/Demux or DWDM Mux/Demux into a WDM network, there is a requirement to convert the optical wavelengths like 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm to CWDM or DWDM wavelengths. Then the OEO transponder comes to assist. The OEO transponder receives, amplifies and re-transmits the signal on a different wavelength without changing the signal content.

 

Fiber Mode Conversion

It’s know to us that multimode fiber optic cables (MMF) are often used in short distance transmission, while single mode fiber optic cables (SMF) are applied in long optical transmission. Therefore, in some network deployment, considering the transmission distances, MMF to SMF or SMF to MMF conversions are needed.

 

Signal Repeating

In long haul fiber optic transmission, OEO transponder also can work as repeater to extend network distance by converting wavelengths (1310nm to 1550nm) and amplifying optical power. The OEO converter converts the weak optical signals from the fiber into electrical signals, and regenerates or amplifies, then recovers them into strong optical signals for continuous transmission.

 

Analysis of OEO Transponder Application Case

Having known about the function of OEO transponder, here let me take some application cases as examples to illustrate its applications clearly.

 

Case One

The distance between site A and site B is about 165km, and there is a repeater station C. The distance between A and C is 90km. The client needs to build connection between A and B. Just like the following picture shows.

 

In this solution, three OEO transponders are used in this links according to the requirements of the client. The use of the first OEO converter at site A is to convert the signals from MMF to SMF, achieving the long distance transmission between site A and C. The second OEO transponder re-generates and amplifies the optical signal, then convert the it from dual fiber to single fiber. At site B, the OEO transponder re-amplifies the optical signal and recovers it to multimode transmission.

 

Advantages of this solution: use OEO transponder to achieve fiber mode conversion and long distance transmission; make full use of the OEO transponder (retime, regenerate and reshape) to realize high quality connections; save cost by using the OEO transponder.

 

Case Two

This solution is more complicated than the first one. There are three sites with fiber links between them. The distance between site A and B is 84km, and site B and C is 1km. Site A and C is 84km too. All the 10G connections are dual fiber transmission. Here is a simple picture of this solution.

 

As we can see in the figure, to build DWDM networks between these three sites, six OEO transponders are deployed. Each site uses two OEO transponders. The OEO transponder at site A converts the 10G-LR signals into 10G DWDM wavelengths, then the wavelengths are multiplexed by the DWDM Mux. At site B, the separated wavelengths are recovered to 10G-LR signals through the OEO transponder. The transmission between site B and C, site A and C are similar to the transmission between site A and B. In addition, there are two EDFAs in each two long distance transmissions.

 

Advantages of this solution: using OEO transponder for wavelength conversion. Converting common 10G signals into DWDM wavelengths and transmitting them with DWDM MUX/DEMUX increase the network capacity easily. At the same time, it also reduces the damage of optical transceivers.

 

Summary

OEO transponder is an important components in optical networks. This post gives a simple analysis of OEO transponder application case. Hope it’s useful for you. fiber-mart.COM supplies high quality 10G OEO converters like SFP+ to SPF+ and XFP to XFP, and 40G WDM transponder like QSFP+ to QSFP+. If you want to know more detailed information, please contact us via sales@fiber-mart.com.

Is Your Fiber End Face Up to Scratch?

by Fiber-MART.COM

While it seems we can never hammer home enough the need to properly clean and inspect fiber end-faces since contamination remains the number one cause of fiber link failures, have you ever thought about what exactly you are cleaning and inspecting?

 

Defects on a fiber end-face come in all types, shapes and sizes.They include scratches, cracks, and pits and contaminants like dirt, dust, oil and even salt.If you properly clean a fiber end-face with lint-free wipes and a specialized solvent designed specifically for fiber cleaning, it’s possible to remove contaminants from the fiber end-face.But what about permanent surface defects like scratches, cracks and pits that can’t be removed via cleaning?

 

Fiber End Faces inspection with Fluke Networks’ FI-7000 FiberInspector Pro

 

Pits typically appear as irregular shaped areas where glass has been removed due to either improper handling, poor manufacturing processes or hard debris on the fiber end-face present during mating.Cracks appear as jagged lines on the fiber end-face, and while they may resemble a scratch, they are much deeper.Pits and cracks usually mean the connector needs to be repolished or replaced.But scratches are little different.Defined as a having greater length than width, a scratch on a fiber end-face doesn’t necessarily mean it won’t pass inspection.But it doesn’t necessarily mean it will either.That’s because when it comes to scratches, it’s all about the size and location.

 

Size, Number and Region Matter

 

The IEC 61300-3-35 Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Standard for Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices

 

The IEC 61300-3-35 Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Standard for Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components contains specific cleanliness grading criteria to assess pass or fail certification for inspection of a fiber end-face.The IEC 61300-3-35 certification criteria is based on the number and size of scratches and other defects found in each measurement region of the fiber end-face, including the core, cladding, adhesive layer and contact zones.Of course, the core of the fiber where the signal travels has the most stringent requirements.

 

And considering the difference in core size between singlemode and a multimode fiber, it makes sense that the criteria varies based on connector type and fiber size.So a scratch or defect that passes on a multimode fiber, might not pass muster on a singlemode.For example, as shown in the tables, a multimode fiber can have a 2 μm scratch in the core and still pass inspection, while a singlemode fiber would not.

 

The sizes we are talking about for scratches and defects cannot be seen with the human eye – consider that a human hair has an average cross-section of around 50 μm and the human eye cannot see anything smaller than 40 μm.That’s why you need a microscope to inspect fiber end-faces.

 

But to really inspect an end-face per the IEC 61300-3-35 criteria, you would also need to measure and count the scratches and defects – another task that is virtually impossible with the human eye.

 

Thankfully Fluke Networks’ FI-7000 FiberInspector Pro does the work for you.Through its algorithmic processes that automatically and quickly inspect, grade and certify fiber end-faces based on the IEC 61300-3-35 criteria, FiberInspector Pro knows exactly how many, how big and where scratches and defects are located on the fiber end-face.So you can rest assured that your connectors are up to scratch, helping ensure optimum fiber network performance for your customers.

How to Use Field Assembly Connector?

by Fiber-MART.COM

The expansion of FTTH application has brought prosperity to the manufacturing of field assembly connectors for fast field termination. This type of connector gains its popularity due to the applicability to cable wiring and compact bodies which are easily stored in optical fiber housings. With excellent features of stability and low loss, field assembly connector has now become a reliable and durable solution for fiber optic systems. However, do you really know the field assembly process of the connector? This article provides an easy guide to show you the way of using field assembly connector.

 

Introduction to Field Assembly Connector

Before getting to know the instruction process, let’s have a look at the basic knowledge about field assembly connector. Field assembly connector or fast connector is an innovative field installable optical fiber connector designed for simple and fast field termination of single fibers. Without using additional assembling tools, field assembly connector can be quickly and easily connected to the drop cable and indoor cable, which saves a lot of required termination time. It is specially designed with the patented mechanical splice body that includes a factory-mounted fiber stub and a pre-polished ceramic ferrule. Field assembly connector is usually available for 250 µm, 900 µm, 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm diameter single-mode and multimode fiber types. The whole installation process only takes about 2 minutes which greatly improves the working efficiency.

 

field-assembly-connector

 

Internal Structure of Field Assembly Connector

From the following figure, we can see the specific internal structure of field assembly connector. The ferrule end face of the connector is pre-polished in a factory for later connection with the fiber. A mechanical splice is also formed at the end of the ferrule for mechanical fixation of optical fiber. The mechanical splice consists two plates, one with a V groove, another with flat surface above the V groove, and a clamp for the insertion of the two plates. When inserting the fiber, a wedge clip will keep the V groove open for easier installation. After the fiber insertion, the wedge clip can be extracted from the V groove.

 

structure-of-field-assembly-connector

 

Features and Applications

Key Features

Field-installable, cost-effective, user-friendly

No requirement for epoxy and polishing

Quick and easy fiber termination in the field

No need for fusion splicer, power source and tool for pressure

Visual indication of proper termination

Applications

Fiber optic telecommunication

Fiber distribution frame

FTTH outlets

Optical cable interconnection

Cable television

Field Assembly Instruction Guide

Although it is an simple way to use field assembly connector, the right operation process is also important. Here will introduce some basic steps for connector installation.

 

Step 1, prepare the field assembly connector parts and related tools required during the process. There is no need for special tools, but fiber cleaver and jacket stripper are still necessary.

 

Step 2, insert the connector boot into the fiber cable.

 

Step 3, cut and reserve 10mm bare fiber by fiber cleaver and then make sure the total fiber length of 30 mm.

 

Step 4, insert the fiber from bottom until the stopper and make fiber present micro bend.

 

Step 5, press the press cover to tight the bare fiber.

 

Step 6, lock the boot with yarn.

 

Step 7, cut the yarn.

 

Step 8, screw the boot and put on housing to complete assembly.

 

 

 

Precautions

Here are some precautions for you to notice during the process:

 

Point 1, the product is sensitive to dirt and dust. Keeping it away from any possible contamination is necessary.

 

Point 2, the performance will be influenced by the fiber cutting surface condition. Use a cutter with a sharp blade for the best results.

 

Point 3, insert the fiber into the connector slowly. If the fiber is roughly inserted, it might be damaged or broken, leading to failure of connector installation. Broken fiber could scatter in all directions.

 

Point 4, do not remove the dust cap until the connector has been completely assembled in order not to cause a high insertion loss.

 

Point 5, a proper amount of index matching gel is applied in the connector. Do not insert fiber more than once into connector.

 

Conclusion

Fiber assembly connector enables quick termination to improve reliable and high connector performance in FTTH wiring and LAN cabling systems. All the above solutions provided by fiber-mart.COM are available to meet your requirements. Please visit the website for more information.

Armored Fiber Cable for Robust and Flexible Network

Armored Fiber Cable for Robust and Flexible Network

Armored Fiber Cable for Robust and Flexible Network

 

Fiber optic failures in telecommunication industry can cause a lot of problems and loss. Thus, protection of the fragile optical fibers is always an important factor to be considered during fiber cable installation. Harsh environment that might meet and impact or crushing from other objects in the future use of fiber optic cables should all be considered.

 

Why Do We Need Armored Fiber Cables?

 

Traditionally, outside fiber optic cables are deployed in conduit which is like a strong and robust jacket protecting fiber cables from the outside impact. However, adding conduit for fiber optic cable installation increases the costs for both time and money. The deploy process is complex and required a lot of labor. So adding a build-in robust shield—metal armor for the fiber optic cable could be an ideal alternative to decrease costs and installation time. The deployment and cabling of fiber optic cable with armor are more flexible. Thus, armored fiber optic cables are being widely deployed in telecommunication network.

Structure of Armored Fiber Cables

 

The biggest difference from armored fiber cable and other fiber cable is the build in metal tube inside the armored fiber cable. There is a wide range of armored fiber cable according to the structure, fiber count, jacket type, fiber type, etc. Here offers the example of a commonly used 12-fiber armored cable for indoor and outdoor applications. This armored fiber cable has 12 fibers and two layers of jacket one outside jacket and one inner jacket. A steel tube armor is between the inner jacket and outside jacket. Between the steel tube and outside jacket, there is a layer of aramid yarn as shown in the following picture.

 

Types of Armored Fiber Cables

 

As the metal tube of armored fiber cable is used to protect the optical fibers, there are also different types of armors which are used for different applications. The most commonly used metal tube of armored fiber cables usually has interlock structure or corrugated structure. The interlock armored fiber cables are generally used for indoor and indoor/outdoor applications. The corrugated armored fiber cables are usually used for outdoor applications. The following picture shows two armored fiber cables using interlock armor and corrugated armor separately.

 

Armored fiber optic cables might use armors made from different material. For now, there are two popular materials adopted by armored fiber cable—steel and aluminum. Both indoor and outdoor armored fiber cables use steel or aluminum materials for armor. But most fiber patch cables provided in the market use steel tubes.

 

Applications of Armored Fiber Cables

 

Armored fiber cable can be used for indoor, indoor/outdoor and outside plant applications. According to different installation environments, tight-buffered armored fiber cables and loose-buffered armored cables are available. For outdoor applications, loose-buffer armored fiber cables are usually used. Both loose-buffered and tight-buffered armored fiber cable can be used for indoor and indoor/outdoor applications. The following pictures illustrate three commonly used armored fiber cables for the above mentioned three applications.

 

Indoor armored fiber cables usually use interlock armors. Riser jackets or LSZH jackets are usually selected for the consideration of safety. This one shows the structure of an indoor distribution armored fiber cable.

 

Indoor/outdoor armored fiber cable is very popular in today’s telecommunication network, which allows links from building to building eliminating the transition from indoor cable to outside plant cable. The following picture shows the structure of commonly used multi-fiber I/O armored fiber cable.

Outdoor armored fiber cable usually uses corrugated armor and very durable jacket to protect optical fibers extra crush-resistance and rodent protection. The following picture shows the structure an outdoor armored fiber cable.

 

Conclusion

 

Armored fiber cable can provide cost-effective and reliable solution for optical fiber protection and installation. There is a wide selection of armored fiber cable available in the market, for applications like indoor, outdoor plant, and indoor/outdoor. There is also specially designed armored fiber cable for special applications like armored GYFTZA53 double armored fiber cable for mining application. For data center and server room applications, armored fiber patch cables can also be used. Kind contact sales@fiber-mart.com or visit fiber-mart.com for more details about armored fiber cables.

Why CPAK Transceiver is Different in 100G Solutions?

Why CPAK Transceiver is Different in 100G Solutions?

by Fiber-MART.COM

Nowadays, as the bandwidth, transmission speed and network traffic volumes continue to escalate, 100G transceiver market is booming and will be more popular in the future. At present, there are several types of 100G optical transceivers on the market: CFP, CFP2, CFP4, QSFP28 and 100G CPAK. All of them are playing a critical role in 100G networks. This post will give a detailed introduction of 100G CPAK module.

 

Overview of 100G CPAK Transceiver

CPAK transceiver is a hot-swappable I/O device that plugs into the 1-Port 100 Gigabit Ethernet EPA (EPA-1X100GE). It was launched by Cisco in 2013. The modules have a total of 82 pins (40 pins on the top row and 42 on the bottom row) on the electrical interface and either a duplex SC or 24-fibers MPO connector on the optical interface. CPAK is the first transceiver which is based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photonics technology, aiming to provide industry-leading optical integration, performance, power savings, and scalability. Unlike other form factors like SFP+, QSFP and CFP family, 100G CPAK is totally Cisco propriety.

 

CPAK modules combine the greatest density and bandwidth with the lowest power consumption available in the market. And they are available in several IEEE-standard optical interface, which makes them well suit for connections in service provider data center, enterprise and edge networks.

 

What Makes CPAK Transceiver Different in 100G Networks?

 

As the increasing fierce competition between optical transceivers and the exploding demand for bandwidth on networks, many customers are eager to seek a solution to make 100G more cost-effective and significantly increase the density of 100G interfaces in networking equipment. Some vendors like fiber-mart.com have cut the price of 100G QSFP28 transceivers to offer big savings for their customers. Under this situation, what makes 100G CPAK module different?

 

COMS Based Technology

 

Although the data center and networks are struggling to keep up with the fast growth of data traffic, the limit of optical interconnect technologies is still a big problem. However, COMS technology offers an alternative for this matter. COMS photonics is a type of semiconductor technology controlling flow of photons in place of electrons. It integrates multiple circuit components in a highly efficient design, then printing entire circuits directly on silicon wafers to produce optical devices. This production method brings extremely efficient, low-power optical circuits. With the use of this technology, CPAK has smaller 100G footprint, which can offer higher port density.

 

Power Saving & High Density Port

 

In the past decades, even if the ASICs have developed rapidly, optical advanced come much more slowly. Although the optical interface reach 100 Gbps, the sheer physical size of the modules, excessive heat and power they dissipate are limiting the ability to scale networking and data center equipment to meet the increasing demand. Therefore, Cisco announced the 100G CPAK modules.

 

CPAK represents a significant advancement in optical networking, providing dramatic space and power efficiency. Compared with other alternative transceiver form factors such as CFP, Cisco CPAK modules can reduce space and power requirements by over 70 percent. And they can provide up to 20 percent greater port density and front-panel bandwidth than other competing products.

 

Summary

 

CPAK transceiver dramatically reduces space and power requirements, making 100Gbps network more widely deployable. Now, in order to maximize the benefits of our customers, fiber-mart.com has cut the price of QSFP 40G SR4 and QSFP28 100G SR4 modules. At the same time, fiber-mart.com will introduce 100G CPAK modules in the near future to provide more choices and better services for our clients. Welcome to visit our website www.fiber-mart.com for more detailed information.

News for Thursday 25 May, 2017
• Why Fiber Optic Cables Are The First Option For Data Transmission?
• Outdoor Fiber Optic Cables

Simplex and Duplex Fiber Optic Cable Overview

Simplex and Duplex Fiber Optic Cable Overview

by Fiber-MART.COM

Simplex and duplex are with various cable structure types; they have some from single mode and multi mode which are related to fiber optic glass types. From Fiberstore, we provide some bulk fiber optic cables types in our store such as simplex fiber optic cable and duplex fiber optic cable,we also have other types cables in it. Customers have the flexibility to choose a cable plant to best fit their needs.We are the professional fiber optic cables supplier, and provide high quality service for you.

 

Simplex Fiber Optic Cable

 

Simplex fiber optic cables will be used when a signal only needs to go in one direction. They are designed for production termination where consistency and uniformity are vital for fast and efficient operation.

 

Simplex fiber optic cable consists of a single fiber,tight-buffered (coated with a 900 micron buffer over the primary buffer coating) with Kevlar (aramid fiber) strength members and jacketed for indoor use, and is used mostly for patch cord and backplane applications. Analog to digital data readouts, interstate highway sensor relays, and automated speed and boundary sensors (for sports applications) are all great uses of Simplex fiber optic cable. This form of fiber cable can be cheaper than duplex cables, because less material is involved. Simplex fiber cable is a single fiber available in single mode, multimode, or polarization maintaining, and they can meet the strength and flexibility required for today’s fiber interconnect applications. We also supply Riser, Plenum rated constructions and LSZH jacket.

 

Duplex Fiber Optic Cable

 

Duplex fiber optic cables consist of two fibers joined by a thin connection between the two jackets. Either single mode or multimode, they are used in applications where data needs to be transferred bi-directionally. One fiber transmits data one direction; the other fiber transmits data in the opposite direction. Larger workstations, switches, servers, and major networking hardware tends to require duplex fiber optic cable.

 

Duplex fibers types

 

Half-duplex: data may only be transmitted in one direction at a time.

 

Full-duplex: data is transferred in two directions simultaneously.

 

Other duplex infomation: a duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions, simultaneously. Now, duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for a communication “two-way street” between two connected parties or to provide a “reverse path” for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field.

ONT-Optical Transport Network

ONT-Optical Transport Network

by Fiber-MART.COM

Optical Transport Network (OTN) based on wavelength division multiplexing technology is the next-generation key transmission network. The technology matures and the application of IP traffic transmitted on the network and other based on the explosive growth of data services in packet transmission, transmission capacity requirements continue to increase rapidly, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology and optical amplifiers (OA) transmission network to the optical transport network based on optical networking technology. Based on the OTN transport network will allow people to expect intelligent optical network gradually become a reality for network operators and customers to provide safe and reliable, effective price, the customer has nothing to do, manageable, maneuverable and efficient next-generation optical transport platform.

 

History & Status

The optical transport network for IP services, has become an important issue in the next step in the development of optical communication adapter transmission demand for IP services. The optical transport network from a variety of angles and multiple solutions compatible with existing technology, due to the large number of applications of the SDH equipment, in order to solve the processing and transmission of data services, based on SDH technology research and development MSTP equipment in the network, and has a large number of applications compatible with the existing technology, but also to meet the data transfer function of the business. But with the increase of data traffic particles and more detailed requirements for processing power, the business on the transport network, the demand for both: the one hand, the transmission network to provide a large pipeline, then the generalized OTN technology (in the electric field is OTH, in the optical domain ROADM) provides a new solution, it solves the SDH-based VC-12/VC4 the cross particles too small, the scheduling is more complex and does not meet the needs of large particles service delivery, in part, to overcome the WDM positioning difficulties of system failure, the main point to point connection, networking, network capacity is weak, and can provide network survivability means and weak shortcomings; the other hand, the business of light transmission network more detailed processing requirements, the industry solution for packet transport network, and is currently involved in major technologies, including the T-MPLS and PBB-TE.

 

With the network business is a growing demand for bandwidth, operators and system manufacturers have been constantly consider the problem of improving the transmission technology of the business.

 

The evolution of the digital transmission network from the initial first generation of digital transmission network based on T1/E1, has experienced the development of the currently third-generation digital transmission network in OTN-based second-generation SONET / SDH-based digital transmission network. The first and second transmission network initially to support voice services specifically designed to also be used to transmit data and images business, but the transmission efficiency is not high. In contrast, the third-generation transport network technology, designed to support voice, data and image services, with the other protocols can support the bandwidth allocated on demand (BOD), can be cut and the quality of service (QoS) and Optical Virtual Private function of the network (OVPN).

 

In 1998, the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) formally proposed the concept of the OTN. From the functional point of view, the OTN in the subnet can be transmitted in the form of all-optical, optical – electrical – optical conversion in the subnet boundary. In this way, each subnet can 3R regenerator join, so as to constitute a large optical network shown in Figure 1. Therefore, OTN can be seen as a transitional application of the evolutionary process of the transmission network to all-optical networks.

 

Advantages

 

The primary advantages of OTN include:

Enhanced OAM for wavelengths

Universal container supporting any service type

Standard multiplexing hierarchy

End-to-end optical transport transparency of customer traffic

Multi-level path OAM

Enables network convergence

Reliable

Interoperable – ITU standard

Cost-efficient

SONET/SDH timing hierarchy

Flexible

Optical Solutions for HP 5820 Switch Series

Optical Solutions for HP 5820 Switch Series

by Fiber-MART.COM

HP 5820 switch series, namely HP FlexFabric 5820 switch series, is designed to support 1 and 10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) networks. The extensible embedded application capabilities enable these switches to integrate services into the network, consolidating devices and appliances to simplify deployment and reduce power consumption and rack space. Also, using the right optical components will facilitate the high performance of the switches. And this article will provide the optical solutions such as fiber optic transceivers and direct attach cables that are supported by HP 5820 switch series.

 

Overview of HP 5820 Switch Series

The HP 5820 switch series provides a versatile, high-performance and 1/10GbE top-of-rack (ToR) data center switch architecture with deployment flexibility. It supports advanced features by delivering a unique combination of unmatched 10 GbE, high-availability architecture, full layer 2/3 dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 and line-rate, low-latency performance on all ports. HP 5820 switches can be used in high-performance and high-density building or department cores as a part of a consolidated network, or be used in campus and data center networks for the high-performance layer 3, 10 GbE aggregation. The total switching capacity of HP 5820 switch series can reach up to 488 Gbps supporting as much as 363mpps throughput. The models offer 14 or 24 ports for high-performance applications with RJ45, SFP+ server connectivity and expansion slot.

 

Models of HP 5820 Switch Series

 

There are three models of HP 5820 switch series including HP 5820-14XG-SFP+ switch (JC106B), HP 5820-24XG-SFP+ switch (JC102B) and HP 5820AF-24XG switch (JG219B). These switch models are hot-swappable and support cut-through switching for very low latency. The biggest difference is their disposition of I/O ports.

 

Optical Solutions for HP 5820 Switch Series

HP 5820 switch series is available with 1 GbE and 10 GbE data links. The following tables provide the optical solutions of SFP transceivers, SFP+ transceivers, 10G SFP+ to SFP+ direct attach copper cables and 40G QSFP+ to 4x10G SFP+ direct attach copper breakout cables supported by the switch series.

 

Conclusion

The flexible and high-performance HPH 5820 switch series is a good option for 1 GbE and 10 GbE networks over buildings, campus and data centers. The optics listed in the tables are all provided by fiber-mart.com with 100% compatibility. If you want to purchase these high-quality fiber optic transceivers and direct attach cables at a reasonable price, fiber-mart.com is the right place to go.

Understand Passive and Active Network Technology

Understand Passive and Active Network Technology

by Fiber-MART.COM

Nowadays, we have access to more information than ever before. We live in a digital world and bandwidth is what makes a digital world happen. There are many types of networks carrying different types of information. However, all these individual networks can be divided into two categories: passive and active. A passive network does not use electrically powered equipment or components to get the signal from one place to another, while an active network uses electrically powered equipment or components to route the signal from one place to another. This article will briefly introduce both passive and active fiber/copper networks.

 

Passive Copper Network

There are many different types of passive copper networks, but the one virtually everyone is familiar with is their home cable TV network. In a copper cable TV network, the cable provider supplies the signal to the home over a coaxial cable. The cable enters the home and is routed to a single television. However, few homes have a single television. For homes with multiple TVs, the signal from the cable provider must be split for each television to receive the signal. The splitting is usually accomplished with a splitter. The splitter requires no electrical power. It will typically have a single input and may have two, three, four, or more outputs. The following picture is an example of a splitter that has a single input and four outputs. An individual cable is routed from the splitter to each television.

 

fiber splitter

With this type of network, loss of signal strength will occur. As the signal from the cable provider is split and routed to multiple televisions, the signal strength to each television is reduced. Adding too many televisions can reduce the signal strength to the point where none of the televisions receives adequate signal strength to operate properly. When this happens, it is time to install an active cable TV network.

 

Active Copper Network

Same with the passive copper networks, there are also many types of active copper networks. The previous section focused on a passive home cable TV network and pointed out that you can only connect a limited number of televisions to this type of network. In order to have adequate signal strength for multiple televisions, for example, one in each room, an active network is required. In an active home cable TV network, one cable enters the home and is routed to a distribution amplifier. The distribution amplifier boosts or amplifies and splits the signal from the cable provider. Each output of the distribution amplifier has a signal strength approximately equal to the signal strength on the input cable from the cable provider. An individual cable is routed from the distribution amplifier to each television.

 

This type of active network overcomes the signal strength problem associated with a passive network. However, it does add a level of complexity and requires power. If the distribution amplifier were to fail, all the televisions would lose their signals. The same would be true if the distribution amplifier were accidentally unplugged: every television in the house would be without a signal.

 

Passive Optical Network

Various types of passive optical networks (PON) are available, and one of the most common types is very similar to the passive cable TV network previously described. However, optical fiber is used instead of coaxial cable. In any PON, couplers are the core. A coupler may combine two or more optical signals into a single output, or the coupler may take a single optical input and distribute it to two or more separate outputs. The following picture is an example of a seven-port coupler. The coupler is splitting a single input signal into six outputs.

 

coupler

Many couplers are designed for bidirectional operation, which enables the same coupler to be used either to combine signals or to split signals. In a bidirectional coupler, each port can be either an input or an output. However, for a PON application, a coupler being used to split a signal may be referred to as a splitter. In a PON, the input to the coupler in the picture above would be split equally between the six outputs. Data going into the coupler would be sent to each output just as the signal from the cable TV provider is sent to each TV in the passive copper network. Although each output will carry the same information as the input, the signal strength will be reduced based on the number of outputs. There is a finite limit on the number of outputs for a PON application; typically, the limit is 32. However, some applications may support more.

 

Active Optical Network

An active optical network is very similar to the active home cable TV network previously described. One optical fiber connects to a switch instead of a distribution amplifier. The switch rebroadcasts the data to each individual user. A separate cable is routed from the switch to each individual user. This type of active network overcomes the signal strength problem associated with a passive network. However, it does add a level of complexity and requires power. If the switch were to fail, all the users would lose access to incoming data. The same would be true if the switch lost power: data would stop flowing.

 

Conclusion

Some basic information about passive copper network, active copper network, passive optical network and active optical network has been described in this article. And each kind of network has their own features. Before choosing a certain one, please make clear all the related information and then install it.