Armored Fiber Cable for Robust and Flexible Network

Armored Fiber Cable for Robust and Flexible Network

Armored Fiber Cable for Robust and Flexible Network

 

Fiber optic failures in telecommunication industry can cause a lot of problems and loss. Thus, protection of the fragile optical fibers is always an important factor to be considered during fiber cable installation. Harsh environment that might meet and impact or crushing from other objects in the future use of fiber optic cables should all be considered.

 

Why Do We Need Armored Fiber Cables?

 

Traditionally, outside fiber optic cables are deployed in conduit which is like a strong and robust jacket protecting fiber cables from the outside impact. However, adding conduit for fiber optic cable installation increases the costs for both time and money. The deploy process is complex and required a lot of labor. So adding a build-in robust shield—metal armor for the fiber optic cable could be an ideal alternative to decrease costs and installation time. The deployment and cabling of fiber optic cable with armor are more flexible. Thus, armored fiber optic cables are being widely deployed in telecommunication network.

Structure of Armored Fiber Cables

 

The biggest difference from armored fiber cable and other fiber cable is the build in metal tube inside the armored fiber cable. There is a wide range of armored fiber cable according to the structure, fiber count, jacket type, fiber type, etc. Here offers the example of a commonly used 12-fiber armored cable for indoor and outdoor applications. This armored fiber cable has 12 fibers and two layers of jacket one outside jacket and one inner jacket. A steel tube armor is between the inner jacket and outside jacket. Between the steel tube and outside jacket, there is a layer of aramid yarn as shown in the following picture.

 

Types of Armored Fiber Cables

 

As the metal tube of armored fiber cable is used to protect the optical fibers, there are also different types of armors which are used for different applications. The most commonly used metal tube of armored fiber cables usually has interlock structure or corrugated structure. The interlock armored fiber cables are generally used for indoor and indoor/outdoor applications. The corrugated armored fiber cables are usually used for outdoor applications. The following picture shows two armored fiber cables using interlock armor and corrugated armor separately.

 

Armored fiber optic cables might use armors made from different material. For now, there are two popular materials adopted by armored fiber cable—steel and aluminum. Both indoor and outdoor armored fiber cables use steel or aluminum materials for armor. But most fiber patch cables provided in the market use steel tubes.

 

Applications of Armored Fiber Cables

 

Armored fiber cable can be used for indoor, indoor/outdoor and outside plant applications. According to different installation environments, tight-buffered armored fiber cables and loose-buffered armored cables are available. For outdoor applications, loose-buffer armored fiber cables are usually used. Both loose-buffered and tight-buffered armored fiber cable can be used for indoor and indoor/outdoor applications. The following pictures illustrate three commonly used armored fiber cables for the above mentioned three applications.

 

Indoor armored fiber cables usually use interlock armors. Riser jackets or LSZH jackets are usually selected for the consideration of safety. This one shows the structure of an indoor distribution armored fiber cable.

 

Indoor/outdoor armored fiber cable is very popular in today’s telecommunication network, which allows links from building to building eliminating the transition from indoor cable to outside plant cable. The following picture shows the structure of commonly used multi-fiber I/O armored fiber cable.

Outdoor armored fiber cable usually uses corrugated armor and very durable jacket to protect optical fibers extra crush-resistance and rodent protection. The following picture shows the structure an outdoor armored fiber cable.

 

Conclusion

 

Armored fiber cable can provide cost-effective and reliable solution for optical fiber protection and installation. There is a wide selection of armored fiber cable available in the market, for applications like indoor, outdoor plant, and indoor/outdoor. There is also specially designed armored fiber cable for special applications like armored GYFTZA53 double armored fiber cable for mining application. For data center and server room applications, armored fiber patch cables can also be used. Kind contact sales@fiber-mart.com or visit fiber-mart.com for more details about armored fiber cables.

Brief introduction of CWDM XFP Transceiver

by Fiber-MART.COM

CWDM-XFP 10G-40 Transceiver

10G CWDM XFP is designed for single mode fiber and operates at a nominal wavelength of CWDM wavelength. There are four center wavelengths available from 1270nm to 1330nm, with each step 20nm.

Key Features

• The 10GB CWDM XFP 1270nm to 1330nm 40km optical transceiver
• Average Output Power:-1.8~4.0dBm
• Receiver Sensitivity:-15.8dBm
• High Quality with ISO9001, TUV, CE, FCC, UL and RoHS certificates
• Condition: Factory New
• Supports 9.95Gb/s to 11.1Gb/s bit rates
• Hot-Pluggable XFP footprint
• Operating Case Temperature Standard: 0°C~+70°C
• Duplex LC connector
• Temperature-Stabilized CWDM Rated EML Transmitte
• Build-in digital diagnostic functions

Applications

• 10GBASE-LR/LW 10G Ethernet
• 1200-SM-LL-L 10G Fiber Channel
• 10GE over G.709 at 11.09Gbp
• Other Optical Link

• Packaging

  • Antistatic bag
  • Packed on pallets in a box(Default Customer Options)
  • Specific Labels as Request
  • Seperate white Box for each transceiver

  OEM and ODM

  Combining our extensive design and engineering capability in optical transceiver industry, with our competitive advantages from integrated manufacturing capability, internal supply chain, and cost competitive and scalable operation infrastructure, Fiber-Mart provides OEM, ODM, and contract manufacturing service to world leading customers with our manufacturing facilities in China.We are also mainly engaged in providing complete sets of optoelectronic device solutions to gain more brand extensions and influence for Fiber-Mart in the world.
  • OEM/ODM order is available
  • We can supply CWDM-XFP10G-40 according to your requirements, and design CWDM-XFP10G-40 label and packaging for your company. We welcome any inquiry for customized CWDM XFP optical transceiver.

  Order Procedure

  Please contact us with any special requirements you may have, we can help you create a custom solution to meet almost any application. Our engineer will review the project and provide a quotation within 1-2 business days.
  a. Email (sales@fiber-mart.com) us a rough sketch to a detailed drawing.
  b. Our engineer will review the project and provide a quotation within 24 hours.
  c. We can arrange production as low as 1 piece and as high as 1,000 pieces in 1~4 business days once an order is placed.

  Shipment

  International Express: Fedex, DHL, UPS, TNT and EMS.If you have another preferred carrier, please notify us in advance.
  FedEx Overnight: It will take 1-3 business days (weekends and holidays excepted) for delivery.
  DHL: It will take 2-4 business days (weekends and holidays excepted) for delivery. For Spain, Italy, Brazil and some other countries, items will take longer time to arrive due to customs clearance period.

  Save Cost By Buying CWDM XFP From Original Manufacturer Fiber-Mart Directly.

  Fiber-Mart is an professional manufacturer & supplier of CWDM XFP transceivers. All of our CWDM XFP transceivers are tested in-house prior to shipping to guarantee that they will arrive in perfect physical and working condition. We guarantee CWDM XFP transceivers to work in your system and all of our CWDM XFP transceivers come with a lifetime advance replacement warranty. If you have questions about CWDM XFP optics, please feel free to contact us at sales@fiber-mart.com.

Why Fiber Optic Cables Are The First Option For Data Transmission?

by Fiber-MART.COM

Fiber Optical Cable has brought a revolution to the data transmission system. As the earlier Electrical Wire System was difficult to manage and was sometimes also hazardous to life. With the emergence of Fiber Optical Cable, data transmission is no more an irksome job. It is now simplified, providing much more convenient than ever imagined.

Following Are The Reasons For Choosing Optical Cables For Network Cabling:

 

Safe To Use: Fiber Cable is far better than copper cable from the safety point of view. Copper and Aluminum Wire are good conductors of electricity and carry electric current. But when their outer insulated coating gets damaged, one can experience electric shock that can be dangerous to life. In this regard, Fiber Cables are safer to use because they do not transmit current but rather light waves.

 

Withstand Rough Conditions: Fiber Cable is capable of resisting tough conditions that co-axial or any other such cable cannot do. The reason is that other cables are usually made up of one or the other metal and are prone to corrosion, while Fiber Cable is covered with protective plastic coating with glass inside and transmits light impulses in spite of electric current, which make it resistant towards corrosion.

 

Long Distance Data Transmission: There cannot be any comparison in terms of data carrying capacity of Fiber Optical Cable and Copper Cable. Fiber Cable can transmit signals 50 times longer than Copper Cable.

 

Moreover, signal loss rate of Fiber Optical Wire is also very less, and thus does not need any kind of reminder in transmitting the signals at same pace. Fiber Cable has higher bandwidth that is amount of data communication resources available or consumed – this is the reason how Fiber Cable can transmit data at longer distances.

 

Easy Installation: Ethernet Cable is long and thin with intact cables inside. It is also light in weight which makes its installation at almost every place easier as compared to other wires.

 

No Electrical Interference: Fiber Optical Cable neither carries electric current nor need earthing. Therefore, it does not get affected by the electrical interferences. Fiber Cable is immune to moisture and lighting, which makes it ideal to be fitted inside the soil or an area where there is high Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

 

Durable and Long Lasting: Fiber Optical Cable is durable and lasts longer than any other cable such as Co-Axial Cable, Copper Cable, etc. It is perfect for network cabling.

 

Data Security: Extra security can be provided with Fiber Optical Cable as it can be tapped easily and data transmitted through it remains secure, while in case of the Copper Cable there is no surety of data security and any loss of data cannot be obtained back.

 

There are various types of optical fiber cables available on the market, including 250um Bare Fiber, 900um Tight Buffer Fiber, Large Core Glass Fiber, Simplex Fiber Cable, Duplex Fiber Optic Cable, OM4 OM3 10G Fiber Cable, Indoor Distribution Cable, Indoor & Outdoor Cable, Outdoor Loose Tube Cable, Fiber Breakout Cable, Ribbon Fiber Cable, LSZH Fiber Optic Cable, Armored Fiber Optic Cable, FTTH Fiber Optic Cable, Figure 8 Aerial Cable, Plastic Optical Fiber, PM fiber & Special Fiber, etc. They are used for different applications, one must do a thorough research before buying fiber cables for network cabling.

How to Select the Suitable Copper Patch Panel?

by Fiber-MART.COM

In the data center, copper patch panel is an ideal method to create a flexible, reliable and tidy cabling system. Today, various types copper patch panels can be found in the market, such as shielded or unshielded, flat or angled, etc. So how to select the most suitable one for your applications? This article will guide you to make the right decision.

 

What Is Copper Patch Panel?

A copper patch panel is used in a local area network (LAN) as a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports to connect and manage incoming and outgoing Ethernet cables. The patch panels apply copper patch cords to create interconnection. Copper patch panels are designed for both shielded and unshielded copper cables like Cat 5e, Cat 6, Cat 6a and Cat7. And the configurations can be different from numbers of ports, such as 12-port, 24-port, 48-port, 96-port.

 

Copper Patch Panel Types

 

Shielded vs. Unshielded

 

There are shielded and unshielded copper cables. Thus, shielded and unshielded patch panels are required to match with cable applications. However, some may forget to consider this factor before buying a suitable patch panel. So you may wonder if it’s ok to use shielded cable with an unshielded patch panel.

 

It’s known that shielded patch panels are designed for high EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) environments, where interference is a risk. These patch panels can protect your high speed network from noise and EMI especially when the copper cables run near power cables.

 

Whether you can use unshielded patch panel for shielded cable, it depends on the environment in which your cable will run through. If the place has no high power electrical wires, you can go with unshielded patch panel. However, if you are in a noisy environment like using arc welders or near high power radio transmitters, then you should better select shielded. One more suggestion is that you may also consider the network speed. Both shielded and unshielded are ok for 1G while only shielded is proper for 10G network.

 

Flat vs. Angled

 

Copper patch panels include flat and angled types from appearance design. Flat patch panels help horizontal cable managers to organize and route cables into vertical managers. Angled patch panels are easy for cable termination and can improve patch cord routing. They serve as alternatives for management that need no rack space for horizontal management. The angled design increases rack density, managing high-density applications in one-fourth the area needed for conventional cable management systems. But angled panels are not good for cabinet installation due to the front depth requirements.

 

Common vs. High Density

 

Common patch panels are always designed in 8 or 12-port configurations. While high density patch panels are available in flat and angled designs with 24 or 48 ports configurations. High density patch panel is suitable for installations with limited space. It’s a good choice for small home and office networks. High-density patch panel is specially designed for fast Ethernet applications and conserves rack space. So space is the first factor to be considered for making the decision between common and high density patch panels.

 

Conclusion

 

Since there are so many types of copper patch panels in the market, choosing a suitable one is necessary for easy cable management. The above content has given a brief introduction of several common types. Hope it can help you make a choice when you prepare to buy patch panels.

Simplex and Duplex Fiber Optic Cable Overview

Simplex and Duplex Fiber Optic Cable Overview

by Fiber-MART.COM

Simplex and duplex are with various cable structure types; they have some from single mode and multi mode which are related to fiber optic glass types. From Fiberstore, we provide some bulk fiber optic cables types in our store such as simplex fiber optic cable and duplex fiber optic cable,we also have other types cables in it. Customers have the flexibility to choose a cable plant to best fit their needs.We are the professional fiber optic cables supplier, and provide high quality service for you.

 

Simplex Fiber Optic Cable

 

Simplex fiber optic cables will be used when a signal only needs to go in one direction. They are designed for production termination where consistency and uniformity are vital for fast and efficient operation.

 

Simplex fiber optic cable consists of a single fiber,tight-buffered (coated with a 900 micron buffer over the primary buffer coating) with Kevlar (aramid fiber) strength members and jacketed for indoor use, and is used mostly for patch cord and backplane applications. Analog to digital data readouts, interstate highway sensor relays, and automated speed and boundary sensors (for sports applications) are all great uses of Simplex fiber optic cable. This form of fiber cable can be cheaper than duplex cables, because less material is involved. Simplex fiber cable is a single fiber available in single mode, multimode, or polarization maintaining, and they can meet the strength and flexibility required for today’s fiber interconnect applications. We also supply Riser, Plenum rated constructions and LSZH jacket.

 

Duplex Fiber Optic Cable

 

Duplex fiber optic cables consist of two fibers joined by a thin connection between the two jackets. Either single mode or multimode, they are used in applications where data needs to be transferred bi-directionally. One fiber transmits data one direction; the other fiber transmits data in the opposite direction. Larger workstations, switches, servers, and major networking hardware tends to require duplex fiber optic cable.

 

Duplex fibers types

 

Half-duplex: data may only be transmitted in one direction at a time.

 

Full-duplex: data is transferred in two directions simultaneously.

 

Other duplex infomation: a duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions, simultaneously. Now, duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for a communication “two-way street” between two connected parties or to provide a “reverse path” for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field.

ONT-Optical Transport Network

ONT-Optical Transport Network

by Fiber-MART.COM

Optical Transport Network (OTN) based on wavelength division multiplexing technology is the next-generation key transmission network. The technology matures and the application of IP traffic transmitted on the network and other based on the explosive growth of data services in packet transmission, transmission capacity requirements continue to increase rapidly, Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology and optical amplifiers (OA) transmission network to the optical transport network based on optical networking technology. Based on the OTN transport network will allow people to expect intelligent optical network gradually become a reality for network operators and customers to provide safe and reliable, effective price, the customer has nothing to do, manageable, maneuverable and efficient next-generation optical transport platform.

 

History & Status

The optical transport network for IP services, has become an important issue in the next step in the development of optical communication adapter transmission demand for IP services. The optical transport network from a variety of angles and multiple solutions compatible with existing technology, due to the large number of applications of the SDH equipment, in order to solve the processing and transmission of data services, based on SDH technology research and development MSTP equipment in the network, and has a large number of applications compatible with the existing technology, but also to meet the data transfer function of the business. But with the increase of data traffic particles and more detailed requirements for processing power, the business on the transport network, the demand for both: the one hand, the transmission network to provide a large pipeline, then the generalized OTN technology (in the electric field is OTH, in the optical domain ROADM) provides a new solution, it solves the SDH-based VC-12/VC4 the cross particles too small, the scheduling is more complex and does not meet the needs of large particles service delivery, in part, to overcome the WDM positioning difficulties of system failure, the main point to point connection, networking, network capacity is weak, and can provide network survivability means and weak shortcomings; the other hand, the business of light transmission network more detailed processing requirements, the industry solution for packet transport network, and is currently involved in major technologies, including the T-MPLS and PBB-TE.

 

With the network business is a growing demand for bandwidth, operators and system manufacturers have been constantly consider the problem of improving the transmission technology of the business.

 

The evolution of the digital transmission network from the initial first generation of digital transmission network based on T1/E1, has experienced the development of the currently third-generation digital transmission network in OTN-based second-generation SONET / SDH-based digital transmission network. The first and second transmission network initially to support voice services specifically designed to also be used to transmit data and images business, but the transmission efficiency is not high. In contrast, the third-generation transport network technology, designed to support voice, data and image services, with the other protocols can support the bandwidth allocated on demand (BOD), can be cut and the quality of service (QoS) and Optical Virtual Private function of the network (OVPN).

 

In 1998, the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) formally proposed the concept of the OTN. From the functional point of view, the OTN in the subnet can be transmitted in the form of all-optical, optical – electrical – optical conversion in the subnet boundary. In this way, each subnet can 3R regenerator join, so as to constitute a large optical network shown in Figure 1. Therefore, OTN can be seen as a transitional application of the evolutionary process of the transmission network to all-optical networks.

 

Advantages

 

The primary advantages of OTN include:

Enhanced OAM for wavelengths

Universal container supporting any service type

Standard multiplexing hierarchy

End-to-end optical transport transparency of customer traffic

Multi-level path OAM

Enables network convergence

Reliable

Interoperable – ITU standard

Cost-efficient

SONET/SDH timing hierarchy

Flexible

What's AON?

What's AON?

by Fiber-MART.COM

Defination

 

AON is a point-to-point network structure (PTP), each subscriber has their own fiber optic line that is terminated on an optical concentrator. AON can be designed differently, depending on specifications. Usually Metro-Ethernet-Switches, IP-Edge routers or Multi-Service Access Nodes (MSANs) with optical Ethernet interfaces. The fiber optics can be terminated by an ONT too, but also by any Ethernet switch or IP router with an optical uplink interface. If the last mile to the subscriber is to be bridged using copper wire, DSLAMs or other MSANs would be used. When MSANs are used, both copper and optical lines can be used for the last mile from the same access node. The following picture shows some basic components of AON.

 

AON

 

AON’s Advantage

AON clearly has the edge because of its flexibility. Due to the static splitting factor and the interfaces on the OLT. AON technology is clearly better regarding to the bandwidth per subscriber. The maximum bandwidth per subscribers is much higher. The flexibility to allocate different bandwidths to individual subscribers is also greater than when PON systems are used. Depending on the splitting factor, a PON connection via fiber optics supplies less bandwidth than a VDSL2 connection via copper wire. The PTP architecture is superior to the PONs PMP architecture. Just by converting boards, subscribers can obtain an upgrade, no network architecture or the service of other subscribers have to change.

 

Active optical technology is more suitable for private network operators,either by laying their own fiber optic infrastructure, or by using debundled fiber optic lines (Fiber Local Loops). AON is perfect for high-profit end customer segments (such as business customers, multi-dwellings, universities, local authorities etc). As in these cases, flexibility, quality and security are demanded. And because of the way they are structured, PON networks struggle to fulfill these requirements. As standardized ONTs are used, the commercial aspects of supplying households on a large scale should be weighed up too and can compete with PON systems. Nevertheless, as PON networks are on the rise, it is likely that some of the disadvantages of PON listed here will gradually eliminate. However, some of the inherent features of a PON will remain. But what is almost certain is that the fiber optic based access network, and end customer products as well, will constantly be upgraded to handle more than 50 Mbps. The whole issue is set to stay an exciting one.

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FIBER-MART(Fiber-Mart.com), based in HongKong & U.S., belongs to SUNMA Group, a worldwide leading supplier in fiber optic network, fttx, fiber cabling & connectivity, fiber testing, fiber splicing, fiber polishing, fiber blowing & integrated network solutions. 

What's PON?

by Fiber-MART.COM

Defination

 

Passive optical network-PON is a network that brings optical fiber singal to the end of users by the point-to-multipoint(P2MP) fiber to the premises in which optical splitters are used to “broadcast” signals to many users. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider’s central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. PONs also are called fiber to the home (FTTH) networks. Using PON system can reduce. The cost of the system substantially by sharing one set of electronics and an expensive laser with up to 32 homes. The main disadvantage is a shorter range of coverage limited by signal strength. While an active optical network (AON) can cover a range to about 100 km (62 miles), a PON is typically limited to fiber cable runs of up to 20 km (12 miles).

 

PON Groups

APON

The first PON systems that achieved significant commercial deployment had an electrical layer built on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM, or “cell switching”) and were called “APON.” These are still being used today. APON systems typically have downstream capacity of 155 Mbps or 622 Mbps, with the latter now the most common. Upstream transmission is in the form of cell bursts at 155 Mbps.

 

BPON

BPON, or broadband PON, was the most popular current PON application in the beginning. BPON uses ATM as the protocol. ATM is widely used for telephone networks and the methods of transporting all data types (voice, Internet, video, etc.) are well known. BPON digital signals operate at ATM rates of 155, 622 and 1244 Mb/s.

 

GPON

GPON, or gigabit-capable PON, uses an IP-based protocol and either ATM or GEM (GPON encapsulation method) encoding. which has a variety of speed options ranging from 622 Mbps symmetrical (the same upstream/downstream capacity) to 2.5 Gbps downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream. From GPON, the future could take two branches: 1) 10 GPON would increase the speed of a single electrical broadband feed to 10G; and 2) WDM-PON would use wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to split each signal into 32 branches.

 

EPON or Ethernet PON is based on the IEEE standard for Ethernet in the First Mile. EPON 802.3ah specifies a similar passive network with a range of up to 20 km. It uses WDM with the same optical frequencies as GPON and TDMA. The raw line data rate is 1.25 Gbits/s in both the downstream and upstream directions. EPON is widely deployed in Asia. The system architecture is the same as GPON but data protocols are differenet.

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FIBER-MART(Fiber-Mart.com), based in HongKong & U.S., belongs to SUNMA Group, a worldwide leading supplier in fiber optic network, fttx, fiber cabling & connectivity, fiber testing, fiber splicing, fiber polishing, fiber blowing & integrated network solutions. 

Use CWDM Or DWDM to Multiplex Your Fiber?

Use CWDM Or DWDM to Multiplex Your Fiber?

by Fiber-MART.COM

CWDM vs DWDM

 

CWDM scales to 18 distinct channels. While, DWDM scales up to 80 channels (or more), allows vastly more expansion. The main advantage of CWDM is the cost of the optics which is typically 1/3rd of the cost of the equivalent DWDM optic. CWDM products are popular in less precision optics and lower cost, less power consumption, un-cooled lasers with lower maintenance requirements. This difference in economic scale, the limited budget that many customers face, and typical initial requirements not to exceed 8 wavelengths, means that CWDM is a more popular entry point for many customers.

Buying CWDM or DWDM is driven by the number of wavelengths needed and the future growth projections. If you only need a handful of waves and use 1Gbps optics, CWDM is the way to go. If you need dozens of waves, 10Gbps speeds, DWDM is the only option.

 

Using a WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) for expanding the capacity of the fiber to carry multiple client interfaces is a highly advisable way as the physical fiber optic cabling is not cheap. As WDM widely used you must not unfamiliar with it, it is a technology that combines several streams of data/storage/video or voice protocols on the same physical fiber-optic cable, by using several wavelengths (frequencies) of light with each frequency carrying a different type of data.

Ultimately, the choice to use CWDM or DWDM is a difficult decision, first we should understand the difference between them clearly.

 

Two types of WDM architecture available: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). CWDM/DWDM multiplexer and demultiplexer and OADM (Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) are common fit in with Passive. With the use of optical amplifiers and the development of the OTN (Optical Transport Network) layer equipped with FEC (Forward Error Correction), the distance of the fiber optical communication can reach thousands of Kilometers without the need for regeneration sites.

 

CWDM, each CWDM wavelength typically supports up to 2.5Gbps and can be expanded to 10Gbps support. The CWDM is limited to 16 wavelengths and is typically deployed at networks up to 80Km since optical amplifiers cannot be used due to the large spacing between channels. CWDM uses a wide spectrum and accommodates eight channels. This wide spacing of channels allows for the use of moderately priced optics, but limits capacity. CWDM is typically used for lower-cost, lower-capacity, shorter-distance applications where cost is the paramount decision criteria.

 

The CWDM Mux/Demux (or CWDM multiplexer/demultiplexer) is often a flexible plug-and-play network solution, which helps insurers and enterprise companies to affordably implement denote point or ring based WDM optical networks. CWDM Mux/demux is perfectly created for transport PDH, SDH / SONET, ETHERNET services over WDM, CWDM and DWDM in optical metro edge and access networks. CWDM Multiplexer Modules can be found in 4, 8 and 16 channel configurations. These modules passively multiplex the optical signal outputs from 4 too much electronic products, send on them someone optical fiber and after that de-multiplex the signals into separate, distinct signals for input into gadgets across the opposite end for your fiber optic link.

 

Typically CWDM solutions provide 8 wavelengths capability enabling the transport of 8 client interfaces over the same fiber. However, the relatively large separation between the CWDM wavelengths allows expansion of the CWDM network with an additional 44 wavelengths with 100GHz spacing utilizing DWDM technology, thus expanding the existing infrastructure capability and utilizing the same equipment as part of the integrated solution.

 

DWDM is a technology allowing high throughput capacity over longer distances commonly ranging between 44-88 channels/wavelengths and transferring data rates from 100Mbps up to 100Gbps per wavelength.

 

DWDM systems pack 16 or more channels into a narrow spectrum window very near the 1550nm local attenuation minimum. Decreasing channel spacing requires the use of more precise and costly optics, but allows for significantly more scalability. Typical DWDM systems provide 1-44 channels of capacity, with some new systems, offering up to 80-160 channels. DWDM is typically used where high capacity is needed over a limited fiber resource or where it is cost prohibitive to deploy more fiber.

 

The DWDM multiplexer/demultiplexer Modules are made to multiplex multiple DWDM channels into one or two fibers. Based on type CWDM Mux/Demux unit, with optional expansion, can transmit and receive as much as 4, 8, 16 or 32 connections of various standards, data rates or protocols over one single fiber optic link without disturbing one another.

FTTH Promote The Surge In Demand For Optical Network Testing

FTTH Promote The Surge In Demand For Optical Network Testing

by Fiber-MART.COM

Testing is an important means to enhance network quality, network construction, an important means of operators. Test on the one hand, to ensure the consistency and stability of the business, at the same time can be effectively promoted the maturity of the industry.

 

Currently, the test is not only limited to test network equipment, more and more important for the business and user perception test. Therefore, testing techniques, testing tools developed laboratory environment to build all aspects of test quality assurance will affect the results of the entire test.

 

In the field of fiber optic communications, with China Mobile completed 100G network test now, “Broadband China” strategy forthcoming FTTH being the country vigorously. Fiber optic communication testing methods and techniques are changed with the change of network.

 

FTTH test can be roughly divided into the construction, maintenance, fault diagnosis phases. FTTH three wavelengths (1310nm, 1490 nm and 1550 nm) loss during the construction phase, the test focus. The optical splitter in a PON will bring a larger loss (such as a 1:32 optical splitter loss will be greater than 15dB), not only makes the light generating loss downlink, the uplink of the light will produce substantially the same loss. Splitter implementation techniques vary, making each optical path loss may exist differences, in order to strictly limit each optical path loss within the budget is a challenge.

 

Optical return loss is one of the difficulties of the current test. Optical return loss is not only a loss of energy, but also lead to the originator laser instability. Recommendations based on the ITU-TG.983 and G.984 series, optical return loss values should be in both directions. PON-based FTTH OTDR put forward new demands, requires not only support the 1490nm wavelength testing, but also with penetrating optical splitter. In addition, FTTH fiber optic cable transmission distance is shorter, but the introduction of the high loss of optical splitter requirements OTDR dynamic range wide enough selection of shorter OTDR dead; joints more requirements, high linearity.

 

In large-scale FTTH deployment phase, testing will be very heavy instrument automation has become one of the factors to be considered. fiber-mart.com’s FOT-930 test instrument developed for this demand, the user simply one-button operation can be completed in the 10s three wavelengths (1310nm, 1490 nm and 1550 nm) bi-directional loss, optical return loss and fiber length test and automatically store test results.

 

Activation and maintenance, fault diagnosis stage, the most commonly used test instruments PON power meter. EPON or GPON system using time division multiple access technology, OLT and ONT need to activate in order to work, PON power meter has to trigger tests optical power capacity and support meter needs different optimization. FTTH construction early will also face business opened the challenges, many links need to manually construction service activation, as well as the opening of a long cycle, poor customer perception. Troubleshooting link, the failure rate and the declaration of DSL-more than twice the proportion of regional centers for processing, the door-to-door high.

The Application of Fiber Optic Connector

The Application of Fiber Optic Connector

by Fiber-MART.COM

Fiber Optic Connector has been widely used in fiber optic transmission lines, fiber optic patch panels and fiber-optic test instruments and meters. The Fiber Connector is one of the most essential components for fiber optic communication. It mate or connect with optical devices, modules, and fibers. Fiber connector is also the key part used in fiber Patch cord and fiber Pigtail.

 

In fiber optics design, when the system is capable of normal operation, if you are trying to build the local network or LAN in your home then you most probably know you will need a fiber patch cable and may be a hub or we achieved a very good results. Choosing a good fiber optic modem depends on a few factors, including availability. We need to consider not only some unexpected problems appear in the system design, but also expect the system to achieve the effect of normal operation. During the process of system design, we have to consider the worst case appear and related plans, is looking forward to improved operating results. In system design, security, stability and system access request the end of the fiber is smooth, neat. The connection between the clients must be accurate, micron accuracy or millionths of a meter. The diameter of the commonly used multi-mode fiber is from 50 to 62.5 microns, while the diameter of the single-mode fiber is only 8-9 microns. This size of the diameter of a human hair can (17-180 microns) are compared in diameter, and we can make sure that every trace of error can bring catastrophic losses.

With the expansion of technology development and application of fiber optic patch cables are also achieving rapid development. The types of fiber optic connectors on the market are probably 12 or more, each of which was launched to the specific needs, of course, came to meet, there are some technical limitations. The trend in the market is developing at a moderate price, compact plug-mode and all can support the requirements of the new transmission distribution system. As users expect that the ongoing development of the telecommunications industry also supports the large-scale application of the optical fiber, in large part due to the rapid growth of demand in the way of communication and entertainment services on the fiber link.

 

The fiber optic connection is very stringent accuracy of the equipment, the species of fiber patch cords are many kinds. So the connector must be very clean. Fiber optic connectors and accessories are usually mounted on a series of house, a fingerprint or external dust seriously affect the performance of the connector, and even the loss of communication. Therefore, the connector can be stored in clean protective sleeve without connection. Then we should also put fiber optic connector.

 

Fiber optic connectors according to the different transmission media can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multimode connectors, as well as other issues such as plastic and as the transmission medium of optical fiber connector; connector structure can be divided into: FC SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, the MT and so on in various forms. The optical interface is the physical interface used to connect fiber optic cable. fiber-mart.com as the main professional fiber optic products manufacturer in china offer a various kinds of fiber optic connectors, FC Connectors, LC Connectors, SC Connectors, ST Connectors. You can buy fiber optic connection products on our store with your confidence. All of fiber optics supplies with high quality but low price.

Brief introduction of OTN

Brief introduction of OTN

by Fiber-MART.COM

The SONET/SDH network has grown to be the backbone of most of the modern telecommunications network that was originally designed for optical interfaces that used a single wavelength per fiber. As optical component technology has advanced, it has become more economical to transmit multiple SONET/SDH signals over the same fiber using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) instead of going to a higher rate SONET/SDH signal. Based on experience with the SONET/SDH networks, the ITU-T defined the optical transport network (OTN), which was optimized for cost-effective transparent transport of a variety of client signals over WDM networks. This article may introduce some knowledge of OTN to you.

 

What Is OTN?

OTN is a standard for optical transport (G.709) developed by the ITU-T standards body, and is sometimes also called a “digital wrapper.” While OTN isn’t necessarily new as a protocol, it is new as a topic in the optical industry for many people. OTN adds operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) functionality to optical carriers, specifically in a multi-wavelength system such as dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). It provides the network management functionality of SDH and SONET, but on a wavelength basis. The OTN is flexible in terms of frame size and allows multiple existing frames of data to be wrapped together into a single entity that can be more efficiently managed through a lesser amount of overhead in a multi-wavelength system.

How Does OTN Work?

The OTN frame is very similar to a SONET frame in its structure and format. There are three overhead areas in an OTN frame: the Optical Payload Unit (OPU), the Optical Data Unit (ODU), and the Optical Transport Unit (OTU). One additional feature is the inclusion of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) function for each frame. The FEC improves the Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) by 4 to 6 dB, resulting in longer spans and fewer regeneration requirements. A client signal is mapped into the OPU payload, with the OPU overhead providing information on the type of signal mapped into the payload and the mapping structure. The ODU overhead adds optical path-level monitoring, alarm indication signals, automatic protection switching bytes, and embedded data communications channels (GCC1/GCC2). The ODU is the basic payload that is electronically groomed and switched within an OTN network. The OTU overhead adds bytes to provide optical section layer PM, alarm indication, and the GCC0 data communications channel. The OTU represents a physical optical interface or port, such as an OTU2 (10 Gbps), OTU3 (40 Gbps) and OTU4 (100 Gbps).

 

OTN Application Migration

Originally, the G.709 digital wrapper was primarily used for transporting 10 Gbps wavelengths, enabling improved performance due to the FEC and improved OAM due to the OTN overhead bytes and standard frame structure. Lower rate signals, such as 4 x OC-48 and 8 x GbE were simply multiplexed into 10 Gbps payloads and then encapsulated into the OTN frame. Since each vendor had their own method of multiplexing lower-rate signals into 10 Gbps wavelengths, there was no way to share these aggregate 10 Gpbs wavelengths in large multivendor networks. This lack of common underlying mapping structures forced carriers to demultiplex each 10 Gbps or 40 Gbps wavelength at every core aggregation node and at every network boundary, which was very inefficient and costly. OTN standards evolved to include a standard multiplexing hierarchy, defining exactly how the lower rate signals map into the higher-rate payloads. This allows any OTN switch and any WDM platform to electronically groom and switch lower-rate services within 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps, or 100 Gbps wavelengths, without the need for external wavelength demultiplexing and manual interconnects. Below is a simplified OTN mapping diagram. A 2.5 Gbps signal (OC-48) is mapped into an OTU1 frame. Four of these 2.5 Gbps signals can be mapped into an OTU2 frame.

 

Conclusion

OTN has evolved over the last few years to be the preferred technology for building DWDM back-bone and long distance optical networks for carriers. It offers unified optical encapsulation layer, OTU2, into which all the common 10G interfaces are mapped into. In addition, the embedded FEC is defined by the OTN layer improves the link budget and OSNR in long distance optical network frequently based on optical amplifiers (EDFAs). The demand for high speed data services continues to be rising, as carriers and service providers try to accommodate customers’ demands for high throughput broadband services, therefore WDM based on OTN will be more and more widely deployed. fiber-mart.com provides a full range of WDM mux/demux solutions to help you build cost-effective and reliable optical transport network.

DWDM Over CWDM

DWDM Over CWDM

by Fiber-MART.COM

Since the physical fiber optic cabling is expensive to implement for each and every service separately, its capacity expansion using a Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a necessity. WDM is a concept that describes combination of several streams of data/storage.video or voice on the same physical fiber-optic cable by using several wavelengths (frequencies) of light with each frequency carrying a different type of data.

 

There are two types of WDM architecture: Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM). CWDM systems typically provide 8 wavelengths, separated by 20nm, from 1470nm to 1630nm. Some DWDM systems provide up to 144 wavelengths, typically with no more than 2nm spacing, roughly over the same range of wavelengths.

 

The main advantage of CWDM is the cost of the optics which is typically 1/3rd of the cost of the equivalent DWDM optic. This difference in economic scale, the limited budget that many customers face, and typical initial requirements not to exceed 8 wavelengths, means that CWDM is a more popular entry point for many customers. With PacketLight’s WDM equipment, a customer can start with 8 CWDM wavelengths but then grow by introducing DWDM wavelengths into the mix, utilizing the existing fiber and maximizing return on investment.

By utilizing CWDM and DWDM or the mixture of thereof, carriers and enterprises are able to transport from services of 2Mbps up to 10Gbps of data over 36 different channels. This white paper explains this capability of such expansion and its associated cost.

 

Best of Both Worlds

 

Typically CWDM solutions provide 8 wavelengths capability enabling the transport of 8 client interfaces over the same fiber. However, the relatively large separation between the CWDM wavelengths allows expansion of the CWDM network itself with an additional 32 wavelengths utilizing DWDM technology, thus expanding the existing infrastructure capability up to 36 wavelengths and utilizing the same equipment as part of the integrated solution.

 

Additionally, the typical CWDM spectrum supports data transport rates of up to 4.25Gbps, while DWDM is utilized more for large capacity data transport needs of up to 10Gbps. By mapping DWDM channels within the CWDM wavelength spectrum as demonstrated below, much higher data transport capacity on the same fiber optic cable can be achieved without any need for changing the existing fiber infrastructure between the network sites.